moch

See also: mốch and moc'h

Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mˠɔx]
• IPA^(key): [mˠʌx]

Adjective

moch (genitive singular masculine moch, genitive singular feminine moiche, plural mocha, comparative moiche)

1. early

   Synonym: luath

Declension

Declension of moch

	Singular		Plural (m/f)
Positive	Masculine	Feminine	(strong noun)	(weak noun)
Nominative	moch	mhoch	mocha; mhocha²
Vocative	mhoch		mocha
Genitive		moiche	mocha	moch
Dative	moch; mhoch¹	mhoch	mocha; mhocha²
Comparative	níos moiche
Superlative	is moiche

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived terms

• dea-mhoch (“good and early”)
• mochánach m (“early riser”)
• mochdháil f (“early morning”)
• mochdhúnadh m (“early closing”)

 

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
moch	mhoch	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “moch”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “moch”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “moch”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

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Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *moḱs, whence also Sanskrit मक्षू (makṣū, “fast; early”), Avestan 𐬨𐬊𐬱𐬎 (mošu, “soon, quickly”), Latin mox (“soon”)

Adjective

moch

1. early

Descendants

• Irish: moch
• Manx: mogh
• Scottish Gaelic: moch

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
moch also mmoch after a proclitic ending in a vowel	moch pronounced with /β̃(ʲ)-/	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Polish

Etymology

From truncation of Moskal +‎ -ch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mɔx/

Noun

moch m pers

1. (slang) a Russian person

Declension

Declension of moch

	singular	plural
nominative	moch	mochy
genitive	mocha	mochów
dative	mochowi	mochom
accusative	mocha	mochów
instrumental	mochem	mochami
locative	mochu	mochach
vocative	mochu	mochy

Further reading

• Template:R:PWN

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Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Old Irish moch (“early; betimes”).

Adjective

moch

1. early

Derived terms

• mocheirigh f (“early rising”)
• mochthrath (“very early”, adverb)
• mochthrath f (“dawn”)
• o mhoch gu dubh (“from dawn to dusk”)

 

Adverb

moch

1. early, betimes, soon

Mutation

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical	Lenition
moch	mhoch
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911) “moch”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary]‎^[2], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “moch”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

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Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *mox, from Proto-Celtic *mokkus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /moːχ/

Noun

1. pigs, swine, hogs
   1. (figuratively) greedy, dirty, lazy, drunk, or immoral persons
2. (mining) small pumps used underground in coal mines to remove water
3. crushers (in quarrying)
4. ridging-ploughs
5. segments (of orange, etc.)

Mutation

Welsh mutation
radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
moch	foch	unchanged	unchanged
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “moch”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies