munca

See also: muncă

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-munca^?

1. to suck

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

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Zulu

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-munca

1. (intransitive) to suck

   Synonym: -ncela

2. (transitive) to suck up, to absorb

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukumunca
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukumunca	ukungamunci
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	munca	-munce
Plural	muncani	-munceni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyamunca, ngimunca	engimuncayo, engimunca	ngimunca	angimunci	engingamunci	ngingamunci
2nd singular	uyamunca, umunca	omuncayo, omunca	umunca	awumunci	ongamunci	ungamunci
1st plural	siyamunca, simunca	esimuncayo, esimunca	simunca	asimunci	esingamunci	singamunci
2nd plural	niyamunca, nimunca	enimuncayo, enimunca	nimunca	animunci	eningamunci	ningamunci
Class 1	uyamunca, umunca	omuncayo, omunca	emunca	akamunci	ongamunci	engamunci
Class 2	bayamunca, bamunca	abamuncayo, abamunca	bemunca	abamunci	abangamunci	bengamunci
Class 3	uyamunca, umunca	omuncayo, omunca	umunca	awumunci	ongamunci	ungamunci
Class 4	iyamunca, imunca	emuncayo, emunca	imunca	ayimunci	engamunci	ingamunci
Class 5	liyamunca, limunca	elimuncayo, elimunca	limunca	alimunci	elingamunci	lingamunci
Class 6	ayamunca, amunca	amuncayo, amunca	emunca	awamunci	angamunci	engamunci
Class 7	siyamunca, simunca	esimuncayo, esimunca	simunca	asimunci	esingamunci	singamunci
Class 8	ziyamunca, zimunca	ezimuncayo, ezimunca	zimunca	azimunci	ezingamunci	zingamunci
Class 9	iyamunca, imunca	emuncayo, emunca	imunca	ayimunci	engamunci	ingamunci
Class 10	ziyamunca, zimunca	ezimuncayo, ezimunca	zimunca	azimunci	ezingamunci	zingamunci
Class 11	luyamunca, lumunca	olumuncayo, olumunca	lumunca	alumunci	olungamunci	lungamunci
Class 14	buyamunca, bumunca	obumuncayo, obumunca	bumunca	abumunci	obungamunci	bungamunci
Class 15	kuyamunca, kumunca	okumuncayo, okumunca	kumunca	akumunci	okungamunci	kungamunci
Class 17	kuyamunca, kumunca	okumuncayo, okumunca	kumunca	akumunci	okungamunci	kungamunci
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngimuncile, ngimuncē	engimuncile, engimuncē	ngimuncile, ngimuncē	angimuncanga	engingamuncanga	ngingamuncanga
2nd singular	umuncile, umuncē	omuncile, omuncē	umuncile, umuncē	awumuncanga	ongamuncanga	ungamuncanga
1st plural	simuncile, simuncē	esimuncile, esimuncē	simuncile, simuncē	asimuncanga	esingamuncanga	singamuncanga
2nd plural	nimuncile, nimuncē	enimuncile, enimuncē	nimuncile, nimuncē	animuncanga	eningamuncanga	ningamuncanga
Class 1	umuncile, umuncē	omuncile, omuncē	emuncile, emuncē	akamuncanga	ongamuncanga	engamuncanga
Class 2	bamuncile, bamuncē	abamuncile, abamuncē	bemuncile, bemuncē	abamuncanga	abangamuncanga	bengamuncanga
Class 3	umuncile, umuncē	omuncile, omuncē	umuncile, umuncē	awumuncanga	ongamuncanga	ungamuncanga
Class 4	imuncile, imuncē	emuncile, emuncē	imuncile, imuncē	ayimuncanga	engamuncanga	ingamuncanga
Class 5	limuncile, limuncē	elimuncile, elimuncē	limuncile, limuncē	alimuncanga	elingamuncanga	lingamuncanga
Class 6	amuncile, amuncē	amuncile, amuncē	emuncile, emuncē	awamuncanga	angamuncanga	engamuncanga
Class 7	simuncile, simuncē	esimuncile, esimuncē	simuncile, simuncē	asimuncanga	esingamuncanga	singamuncanga
Class 8	zimuncile, zimuncē	ezimuncile, ezimuncē	zimuncile, zimuncē	azimuncanga	ezingamuncanga	zingamuncanga
Class 9	imuncile, imuncē	emuncile, emuncē	imuncile, imuncē	ayimuncanga	engamuncanga	ingamuncanga
Class 10	zimuncile, zimuncē	ezimuncile, ezimuncē	zimuncile, zimuncē	azimuncanga	ezingamuncanga	zingamuncanga
Class 11	lumuncile, lumuncē	olumuncile, olumuncē	lumuncile, lumuncē	alumuncanga	olungamuncanga	lungamuncanga
Class 14	bumuncile, bumuncē	obumuncile, obumuncē	bumuncile, bumuncē	abumuncanga	obungamuncanga	bungamuncanga
Class 15	kumuncile, kumuncē	okumuncile, okumuncē	kumuncile, kumuncē	akumuncanga	okungamuncanga	kungamuncanga
Class 17	kumuncile, kumuncē	okumuncile, okumuncē	kumuncile, kumuncē	akumuncanga	okungamuncanga	kungamuncanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāmunca	engāmunca	ngāmunca	angimuncanga	engingamuncanga	ngingamuncanga
2nd singular	wāmunca	owāmunca	wāmunca	awumuncanga	ongamuncanga	ungamuncanga
1st plural	sāmunca	esāmunca	sāmunca	asimuncanga	esingamuncanga	singamuncanga
2nd plural	nāmunca	enāmunca	nāmunca	animuncanga	eningamuncanga	ningamuncanga
Class 1	wāmunca	owāmunca	āmunca	akamuncanga	ongamuncanga	engamuncanga
Class 2	bāmunca	abāmunca	bāmunca	abamuncanga	abangamuncanga	bengamuncanga
Class 3	wāmunca	owāmunca	wāmunca	awumuncanga	ongamuncanga	ungamuncanga
Class 4	yāmunca	eyāmunca	yāmunca	ayimuncanga	engamuncanga	ingamuncanga
Class 5	lāmunca	elāmunca	lāmunca	alimuncanga	elingamuncanga	lingamuncanga
Class 6	āmunca	āmunca	āmunca	awamuncanga	angamuncanga	engamuncanga
Class 7	sāmunca	esāmunca	sāmunca	asimuncanga	esingamuncanga	singamuncanga
Class 8	zāmunca	ezāmunca	zāmunca	azimuncanga	ezingamuncanga	zingamuncanga
Class 9	yāmunca	eyāmunca	yāmunca	ayimuncanga	engamuncanga	ingamuncanga
Class 10	zāmunca	ezāmunca	zāmunca	azimuncanga	ezingamuncanga	zingamuncanga
Class 11	lwāmunca	olwāmunca	lwāmunca	alumuncanga	olungamuncanga	lungamuncanga
Class 14	bāmunca	obāmunca	bāmunca	abumuncanga	obungamuncanga	bungamuncanga
Class 15	kwāmunca	okwāmunca	kwāmunca	akumuncanga	okungamuncanga	kungamuncanga
Class 17	kwāmunca	okwāmunca	kwāmunca	akumuncanga	okungamuncanga	kungamuncanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingamunca	—	ngingamunca	ngingemunce	—	ngingemunce
2nd singular	ungamunca	—	ungamunca	ungemunce	—	ungemunce
1st plural	singamunca	—	singamunca	singemunce	—	singemunce
2nd plural	ningamunca	—	ningamunca	ningemunce	—	ningemunce
Class 1	angamunca	—	engamunca	angemunce	—	engemunce
Class 2	bangamunca	—	bengamunca	bangemunce	—	bengemunce
Class 3	ungamunca	—	ungamunca	ungemunce	—	ungemunce
Class 4	ingamunca	—	ingamunca	ingemunce	—	ingemunce
Class 5	lingamunca	—	lingamunca	lingemunce	—	lingemunce
Class 6	angamunca	—	engamunca	angemunce	—	engemunce
Class 7	singamunca	—	singamunca	singemunce	—	singemunce
Class 8	zingamunca	—	zingamunca	zingemunce	—	zingemunce
Class 9	ingamunca	—	ingamunca	ingemunce	—	ingemunce
Class 10	zingamunca	—	zingamunca	zingemunce	—	zingemunce
Class 11	lungamunca	—	lungamunca	lungemunce	—	lungemunce
Class 14	bungamunca	—	bungamunca	bungemunce	—	bungemunce
Class 15	kungamunca	—	kungamunca	kungemunce	—	kungemunce
Class 17	kungamunca	—	kungamunca	kungemunce	—	kungemunce
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizomunca	engizomunca	ngizomunca	angizumunca	engingezumunca	ngingezumunca
2nd singular	uzomunca	ozomunca	uzomunca	awuzumunca	ongezumunca	ungezumunca
1st plural	sizomunca	esizomunca	sizomunca	asizumunca	esingezumunca	singezumunca
2nd plural	nizomunca	enizomunca	nizomunca	anizumunca	eningezumunca	ningezumunca
Class 1	uzomunca	ozomunca	ezomunca	akazumunca	ongezumunca	engezumunca
Class 2	bazomunca	abazomunca	bezomunca	abazumunca	abangezumunca	bengezumunca
Class 3	uzomunca	ozomunca	uzomunca	awuzumunca	ongezumunca	ungezumunca
Class 4	izomunca	ezomunca	izomunca	ayizumunca	engezumunca	ingezumunca
Class 5	lizomunca	elizomunca	lizomunca	alizumunca	elingezumunca	lingezumunca
Class 6	azomunca	azomunca	ezomunca	awazumunca	angezumunca	engezumunca
Class 7	sizomunca	esizomunca	sizomunca	asizumunca	esingezumunca	singezumunca
Class 8	zizomunca	ezizomunca	zizomunca	azizumunca	ezingezumunca	zingezumunca
Class 9	izomunca	ezomunca	izomunca	ayizumunca	engezumunca	ingezumunca
Class 10	zizomunca	ezizomunca	zizomunca	azizumunca	ezingezumunca	zingezumunca
Class 11	luzomunca	oluzomunca	luzomunca	aluzumunca	olungezumunca	lungezumunca
Class 14	buzomunca	obuzomunca	buzomunca	abuzumunca	obungezumunca	bungezumunca
Class 15	kuzomunca	okuzomunca	kuzomunca	akuzumunca	okungezumunca	kungezumunca
Class 17	kuzomunca	okuzomunca	kuzomunca	akuzumunca	okungezumunca	kungezumunca
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyomunca	engiyomunca	ngiyomunca	angiyumunca	engingeyumunca	ngingeyumunca
2nd singular	uyomunca	oyomunca	uyomunca	awuyumunca	ongeyumunca	ungeyumunca
1st plural	siyomunca	esiyomunca	siyomunca	asiyumunca	esingeyumunca	singeyumunca
2nd plural	niyomunca	eniyomunca	niyomunca	aniyumunca	eningeyumunca	ningeyumunca
Class 1	uyomunca	oyomunca	eyomunca	akayumunca	ongeyumunca	engeyumunca
Class 2	bayomunca	abayomunca	beyomunca	abayumunca	abangeyumunca	bengeyumunca
Class 3	uyomunca	oyomunca	uyomunca	awuyumunca	ongeyumunca	ungeyumunca
Class 4	iyomunca	eyomunca	iyomunca	ayiyumunca	engeyumunca	ingeyumunca
Class 5	liyomunca	eliyomunca	liyomunca	aliyumunca	elingeyumunca	lingeyumunca
Class 6	ayomunca	ayomunca	eyomunca	awayumunca	angeyumunca	engeyumunca
Class 7	siyomunca	esiyomunca	siyomunca	asiyumunca	esingeyumunca	singeyumunca
Class 8	ziyomunca	eziyomunca	ziyomunca	aziyumunca	ezingeyumunca	zingeyumunca
Class 9	iyomunca	eyomunca	iyomunca	ayiyumunca	engeyumunca	ingeyumunca
Class 10	ziyomunca	eziyomunca	ziyomunca	aziyumunca	ezingeyumunca	zingeyumunca
Class 11	luyomunca	oluyomunca	luyomunca	aluyumunca	olungeyumunca	lungeyumunca
Class 14	buyomunca	obuyomunca	buyomunca	abuyumunca	obungeyumunca	bungeyumunca
Class 15	kuyomunca	okuyomunca	kuyomunca	akuyumunca	okungeyumunca	kungeyumunca
Class 17	kuyomunca	okuyomunca	kuyomunca	akuyumunca	okungeyumunca	kungeyumunca
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngimunce	ngingamunci
2nd singular	umunce	ungamunci
1st plural	simunce	singamunci
2nd plural	nimunce	ningamunci
Class 1	amunce	angamunci
Class 2	bamunce	bangamunci
Class 3	umunce	ungamunci
Class 4	imunce	ingamunci
Class 5	limunce	lingamunci
Class 6	amunce	angamunci
Class 7	simunce	singamunci
Class 8	zimunce	zingamunci
Class 9	imunce	ingamunci
Class 10	zimunce	zingamunci
Class 11	lumunce	lungamunci
Class 14	bumunce	bungamunci
Class 15	kumunce	kungamunci
Class 17	kumunce	kungamunci
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngamunca	ngangamunca, angamunca, angangamunca
2nd singular	wamunca	wangamunca, awamunca, awangamunca
1st plural	samunca	sangamunca, asamunca, asangamunca
2nd plural	namunca	nangamunca, anamunca, anangamunca
Class 1	wamunca	wangamunca, akamunca, akangamunca
Class 2	bamunca	bangamunca, abamunca, abangamunca
Class 3	wamunca	wangamunca, awamunca, awangamunca
Class 4	yamunca	yangamunca, ayamunca, ayangamunca
Class 5	lamunca	langamunca, alamunca, alangamunca
Class 6	amunca	angamunca, awamunca, awangamunca
Class 7	samunca	sangamunca, asamunca, asangamunca
Class 8	zamunca	zangamunca, azamunca, azangamunca
Class 9	yamunca	yangamunca, ayamunca, ayangamunca
Class 10	zamunca	zangamunca, azamunca, azangamunca
Class 11	lwamunca	lwangamunca, alwamunca, alwangamunca
Class 14	bamunca	bangamunca, abamunca, abangamunca
Class 15	kwamunca	kwangamunca, akwamunca, akwangamunca
Class 17	kwamunca	kwangamunca, akwamunca, akwangamunca

Alternative forms

• -munya

Derived terms

• umunca

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “munca”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “munca (6.3)”