Tone H
|
Infinitive
|
ukunqwabela
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
Infinitive
|
ukunqwabela
|
ukunganqwabeli
|
|
Imperative
|
|
Simple
|
+ object concord
|
Singular
|
nqwabela
|
-nqwabele
|
Plural
|
nqwabelani
|
-nqwabeleni
|
|
Present
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyanqwabela, nginqwabela
|
enginqwabelayo, enginqwabela
|
nginqwabela
|
anginqwabeli
|
enginganqwabeli
|
nginganqwabeli
|
2nd singular
|
uyanqwabela, unqwabela
|
onqwabelayo, onqwabela
|
unqwabela
|
awunqwabeli
|
onganqwabeli
|
unganqwabeli
|
1st plural
|
siyanqwabela, sinqwabela
|
esinqwabelayo, esinqwabela
|
sinqwabela
|
asinqwabeli
|
esinganqwabeli
|
singanqwabeli
|
2nd plural
|
niyanqwabela, ninqwabela
|
eninqwabelayo, eninqwabela
|
ninqwabela
|
aninqwabeli
|
eninganqwabeli
|
ninganqwabeli
|
Class 1
|
uyanqwabela, unqwabela
|
onqwabelayo, onqwabela
|
enqwabela
|
akanqwabeli
|
onganqwabeli
|
enganqwabeli
|
Class 2
|
bayanqwabela, banqwabela
|
abanqwabelayo, abanqwabela
|
benqwabela
|
abanqwabeli
|
abanganqwabeli
|
benganqwabeli
|
Class 3
|
uyanqwabela, unqwabela
|
onqwabelayo, onqwabela
|
unqwabela
|
awunqwabeli
|
onganqwabeli
|
unganqwabeli
|
Class 4
|
iyanqwabela, inqwabela
|
enqwabelayo, enqwabela
|
inqwabela
|
ayinqwabeli
|
enganqwabeli
|
inganqwabeli
|
Class 5
|
liyanqwabela, linqwabela
|
elinqwabelayo, elinqwabela
|
linqwabela
|
alinqwabeli
|
elinganqwabeli
|
linganqwabeli
|
Class 6
|
ayanqwabela, anqwabela
|
anqwabelayo, anqwabela
|
enqwabela
|
awanqwabeli
|
anganqwabeli
|
enganqwabeli
|
Class 7
|
siyanqwabela, sinqwabela
|
esinqwabelayo, esinqwabela
|
sinqwabela
|
asinqwabeli
|
esinganqwabeli
|
singanqwabeli
|
Class 8
|
ziyanqwabela, zinqwabela
|
ezinqwabelayo, ezinqwabela
|
zinqwabela
|
azinqwabeli
|
ezinganqwabeli
|
zinganqwabeli
|
Class 9
|
iyanqwabela, inqwabela
|
enqwabelayo, enqwabela
|
inqwabela
|
ayinqwabeli
|
enganqwabeli
|
inganqwabeli
|
Class 10
|
ziyanqwabela, zinqwabela
|
ezinqwabelayo, ezinqwabela
|
zinqwabela
|
azinqwabeli
|
ezinganqwabeli
|
zinganqwabeli
|
Class 11
|
luyanqwabela, lunqwabela
|
olunqwabelayo, olunqwabela
|
lunqwabela
|
alunqwabeli
|
olunganqwabeli
|
lunganqwabeli
|
Class 14
|
buyanqwabela, bunqwabela
|
obunqwabelayo, obunqwabela
|
bunqwabela
|
abunqwabeli
|
obunganqwabeli
|
bunganqwabeli
|
Class 15
|
kuyanqwabela, kunqwabela
|
okunqwabelayo, okunqwabela
|
kunqwabela
|
akunqwabeli
|
okunganqwabeli
|
kunganqwabeli
|
Class 17
|
kuyanqwabela, kunqwabela
|
okunqwabelayo, okunqwabela
|
kunqwabela
|
akunqwabeli
|
okunganqwabeli
|
kunganqwabeli
|
|
Recent past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
nginqwabelile, nginqwabelē
|
enginqwabelile, enginqwabelē
|
nginqwabelile, nginqwabelē
|
anginqwabelanga
|
enginganqwabelanga
|
nginganqwabelanga
|
2nd singular
|
unqwabelile, unqwabelē
|
onqwabelile, onqwabelē
|
unqwabelile, unqwabelē
|
awunqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
unganqwabelanga
|
1st plural
|
sinqwabelile, sinqwabelē
|
esinqwabelile, esinqwabelē
|
sinqwabelile, sinqwabelē
|
asinqwabelanga
|
esinganqwabelanga
|
singanqwabelanga
|
2nd plural
|
ninqwabelile, ninqwabelē
|
eninqwabelile, eninqwabelē
|
ninqwabelile, ninqwabelē
|
aninqwabelanga
|
eninganqwabelanga
|
ninganqwabelanga
|
Class 1
|
unqwabelile, unqwabelē
|
onqwabelile, onqwabelē
|
enqwabelile, enqwabelē
|
akanqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
Class 2
|
banqwabelile, banqwabelē
|
abanqwabelile, abanqwabelē
|
benqwabelile, benqwabelē
|
abanqwabelanga
|
abanganqwabelanga
|
benganqwabelanga
|
Class 3
|
unqwabelile, unqwabelē
|
onqwabelile, onqwabelē
|
unqwabelile, unqwabelē
|
awunqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
unganqwabelanga
|
Class 4
|
inqwabelile, inqwabelē
|
enqwabelile, enqwabelē
|
inqwabelile, inqwabelē
|
ayinqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
inganqwabelanga
|
Class 5
|
linqwabelile, linqwabelē
|
elinqwabelile, elinqwabelē
|
linqwabelile, linqwabelē
|
alinqwabelanga
|
elinganqwabelanga
|
linganqwabelanga
|
Class 6
|
anqwabelile, anqwabelē
|
anqwabelile, anqwabelē
|
enqwabelile, enqwabelē
|
awanqwabelanga
|
anganqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
Class 7
|
sinqwabelile, sinqwabelē
|
esinqwabelile, esinqwabelē
|
sinqwabelile, sinqwabelē
|
asinqwabelanga
|
esinganqwabelanga
|
singanqwabelanga
|
Class 8
|
zinqwabelile, zinqwabelē
|
ezinqwabelile, ezinqwabelē
|
zinqwabelile, zinqwabelē
|
azinqwabelanga
|
ezinganqwabelanga
|
zinganqwabelanga
|
Class 9
|
inqwabelile, inqwabelē
|
enqwabelile, enqwabelē
|
inqwabelile, inqwabelē
|
ayinqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
inganqwabelanga
|
Class 10
|
zinqwabelile, zinqwabelē
|
ezinqwabelile, ezinqwabelē
|
zinqwabelile, zinqwabelē
|
azinqwabelanga
|
ezinganqwabelanga
|
zinganqwabelanga
|
Class 11
|
lunqwabelile, lunqwabelē
|
olunqwabelile, olunqwabelē
|
lunqwabelile, lunqwabelē
|
alunqwabelanga
|
olunganqwabelanga
|
lunganqwabelanga
|
Class 14
|
bunqwabelile, bunqwabelē
|
obunqwabelile, obunqwabelē
|
bunqwabelile, bunqwabelē
|
abunqwabelanga
|
obunganqwabelanga
|
bunganqwabelanga
|
Class 15
|
kunqwabelile, kunqwabelē
|
okunqwabelile, okunqwabelē
|
kunqwabelile, kunqwabelē
|
akunqwabelanga
|
okunganqwabelanga
|
kunganqwabelanga
|
Class 17
|
kunqwabelile, kunqwabelē
|
okunqwabelile, okunqwabelē
|
kunqwabelile, kunqwabelē
|
akunqwabelanga
|
okunganqwabelanga
|
kunganqwabelanga
|
|
Remote past
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngānqwabela
|
engānqwabela
|
ngānqwabela
|
anginqwabelanga
|
enginganqwabelanga
|
nginganqwabelanga
|
2nd singular
|
wānqwabela
|
owānqwabela
|
wānqwabela
|
awunqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
unganqwabelanga
|
1st plural
|
sānqwabela
|
esānqwabela
|
sānqwabela
|
asinqwabelanga
|
esinganqwabelanga
|
singanqwabelanga
|
2nd plural
|
nānqwabela
|
enānqwabela
|
nānqwabela
|
aninqwabelanga
|
eninganqwabelanga
|
ninganqwabelanga
|
Class 1
|
wānqwabela
|
owānqwabela
|
ānqwabela
|
akanqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
Class 2
|
bānqwabela
|
abānqwabela
|
bānqwabela
|
abanqwabelanga
|
abanganqwabelanga
|
benganqwabelanga
|
Class 3
|
wānqwabela
|
owānqwabela
|
wānqwabela
|
awunqwabelanga
|
onganqwabelanga
|
unganqwabelanga
|
Class 4
|
yānqwabela
|
eyānqwabela
|
yānqwabela
|
ayinqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
inganqwabelanga
|
Class 5
|
lānqwabela
|
elānqwabela
|
lānqwabela
|
alinqwabelanga
|
elinganqwabelanga
|
linganqwabelanga
|
Class 6
|
ānqwabela
|
ānqwabela
|
ānqwabela
|
awanqwabelanga
|
anganqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
Class 7
|
sānqwabela
|
esānqwabela
|
sānqwabela
|
asinqwabelanga
|
esinganqwabelanga
|
singanqwabelanga
|
Class 8
|
zānqwabela
|
ezānqwabela
|
zānqwabela
|
azinqwabelanga
|
ezinganqwabelanga
|
zinganqwabelanga
|
Class 9
|
yānqwabela
|
eyānqwabela
|
yānqwabela
|
ayinqwabelanga
|
enganqwabelanga
|
inganqwabelanga
|
Class 10
|
zānqwabela
|
ezānqwabela
|
zānqwabela
|
azinqwabelanga
|
ezinganqwabelanga
|
zinganqwabelanga
|
Class 11
|
lwānqwabela
|
olwānqwabela
|
lwānqwabela
|
alunqwabelanga
|
olunganqwabelanga
|
lunganqwabelanga
|
Class 14
|
bānqwabela
|
obānqwabela
|
bānqwabela
|
abunqwabelanga
|
obunganqwabelanga
|
bunganqwabelanga
|
Class 15
|
kwānqwabela
|
okwānqwabela
|
kwānqwabela
|
akunqwabelanga
|
okunganqwabelanga
|
kunganqwabelanga
|
Class 17
|
kwānqwabela
|
okwānqwabela
|
kwānqwabela
|
akunqwabelanga
|
okunganqwabelanga
|
kunganqwabelanga
|
|
Potential
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
nginganqwabela
|
—
|
nginganqwabela
|
ngingenqwabele
|
—
|
ngingenqwabele
|
2nd singular
|
unganqwabela
|
—
|
unganqwabela
|
ungenqwabele
|
—
|
ungenqwabele
|
1st plural
|
singanqwabela
|
—
|
singanqwabela
|
singenqwabele
|
—
|
singenqwabele
|
2nd plural
|
ninganqwabela
|
—
|
ninganqwabela
|
ningenqwabele
|
—
|
ningenqwabele
|
Class 1
|
anganqwabela
|
—
|
enganqwabela
|
angenqwabele
|
—
|
engenqwabele
|
Class 2
|
banganqwabela
|
—
|
benganqwabela
|
bangenqwabele
|
—
|
bengenqwabele
|
Class 3
|
unganqwabela
|
—
|
unganqwabela
|
ungenqwabele
|
—
|
ungenqwabele
|
Class 4
|
inganqwabela
|
—
|
inganqwabela
|
ingenqwabele
|
—
|
ingenqwabele
|
Class 5
|
linganqwabela
|
—
|
linganqwabela
|
lingenqwabele
|
—
|
lingenqwabele
|
Class 6
|
anganqwabela
|
—
|
enganqwabela
|
angenqwabele
|
—
|
engenqwabele
|
Class 7
|
singanqwabela
|
—
|
singanqwabela
|
singenqwabele
|
—
|
singenqwabele
|
Class 8
|
zinganqwabela
|
—
|
zinganqwabela
|
zingenqwabele
|
—
|
zingenqwabele
|
Class 9
|
inganqwabela
|
—
|
inganqwabela
|
ingenqwabele
|
—
|
ingenqwabele
|
Class 10
|
zinganqwabela
|
—
|
zinganqwabela
|
zingenqwabele
|
—
|
zingenqwabele
|
Class 11
|
lunganqwabela
|
—
|
lunganqwabela
|
lungenqwabele
|
—
|
lungenqwabele
|
Class 14
|
bunganqwabela
|
—
|
bunganqwabela
|
bungenqwabele
|
—
|
bungenqwabele
|
Class 15
|
kunganqwabela
|
—
|
kunganqwabela
|
kungenqwabele
|
—
|
kungenqwabele
|
Class 17
|
kunganqwabela
|
—
|
kunganqwabela
|
kungenqwabele
|
—
|
kungenqwabele
|
|
Immediate future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngizonqwabela
|
engizonqwabela
|
ngizonqwabela
|
angizunqwabela
|
engingezunqwabela
|
ngingezunqwabela
|
2nd singular
|
uzonqwabela
|
ozonqwabela
|
uzonqwabela
|
awuzunqwabela
|
ongezunqwabela
|
ungezunqwabela
|
1st plural
|
sizonqwabela
|
esizonqwabela
|
sizonqwabela
|
asizunqwabela
|
esingezunqwabela
|
singezunqwabela
|
2nd plural
|
nizonqwabela
|
enizonqwabela
|
nizonqwabela
|
anizunqwabela
|
eningezunqwabela
|
ningezunqwabela
|
Class 1
|
uzonqwabela
|
ozonqwabela
|
ezonqwabela
|
akazunqwabela
|
ongezunqwabela
|
engezunqwabela
|
Class 2
|
bazonqwabela
|
abazonqwabela
|
bezonqwabela
|
abazunqwabela
|
abangezunqwabela
|
bengezunqwabela
|
Class 3
|
uzonqwabela
|
ozonqwabela
|
uzonqwabela
|
awuzunqwabela
|
ongezunqwabela
|
ungezunqwabela
|
Class 4
|
izonqwabela
|
ezonqwabela
|
izonqwabela
|
ayizunqwabela
|
engezunqwabela
|
ingezunqwabela
|
Class 5
|
lizonqwabela
|
elizonqwabela
|
lizonqwabela
|
alizunqwabela
|
elingezunqwabela
|
lingezunqwabela
|
Class 6
|
azonqwabela
|
azonqwabela
|
ezonqwabela
|
awazunqwabela
|
angezunqwabela
|
engezunqwabela
|
Class 7
|
sizonqwabela
|
esizonqwabela
|
sizonqwabela
|
asizunqwabela
|
esingezunqwabela
|
singezunqwabela
|
Class 8
|
zizonqwabela
|
ezizonqwabela
|
zizonqwabela
|
azizunqwabela
|
ezingezunqwabela
|
zingezunqwabela
|
Class 9
|
izonqwabela
|
ezonqwabela
|
izonqwabela
|
ayizunqwabela
|
engezunqwabela
|
ingezunqwabela
|
Class 10
|
zizonqwabela
|
ezizonqwabela
|
zizonqwabela
|
azizunqwabela
|
ezingezunqwabela
|
zingezunqwabela
|
Class 11
|
luzonqwabela
|
oluzonqwabela
|
luzonqwabela
|
aluzunqwabela
|
olungezunqwabela
|
lungezunqwabela
|
Class 14
|
buzonqwabela
|
obuzonqwabela
|
buzonqwabela
|
abuzunqwabela
|
obungezunqwabela
|
bungezunqwabela
|
Class 15
|
kuzonqwabela
|
okuzonqwabela
|
kuzonqwabela
|
akuzunqwabela
|
okungezunqwabela
|
kungezunqwabela
|
Class 17
|
kuzonqwabela
|
okuzonqwabela
|
kuzonqwabela
|
akuzunqwabela
|
okungezunqwabela
|
kungezunqwabela
|
|
Remote future
|
|
Positive absolute
|
Positive relative
|
Positive participial
|
Negative absolute
|
Negative relative
|
Negative participial
|
1st singular
|
ngiyonqwabela
|
engiyonqwabela
|
ngiyonqwabela
|
angiyunqwabela
|
engingeyunqwabela
|
ngingeyunqwabela
|
2nd singular
|
uyonqwabela
|
oyonqwabela
|
uyonqwabela
|
awuyunqwabela
|
ongeyunqwabela
|
ungeyunqwabela
|
1st plural
|
siyonqwabela
|
esiyonqwabela
|
siyonqwabela
|
asiyunqwabela
|
esingeyunqwabela
|
singeyunqwabela
|
2nd plural
|
niyonqwabela
|
eniyonqwabela
|
niyonqwabela
|
aniyunqwabela
|
eningeyunqwabela
|
ningeyunqwabela
|
Class 1
|
uyonqwabela
|
oyonqwabela
|
eyonqwabela
|
akayunqwabela
|
ongeyunqwabela
|
engeyunqwabela
|
Class 2
|
bayonqwabela
|
abayonqwabela
|
beyonqwabela
|
abayunqwabela
|
abangeyunqwabela
|
bengeyunqwabela
|
Class 3
|
uyonqwabela
|
oyonqwabela
|
uyonqwabela
|
awuyunqwabela
|
ongeyunqwabela
|
ungeyunqwabela
|
Class 4
|
iyonqwabela
|
eyonqwabela
|
iyonqwabela
|
ayiyunqwabela
|
engeyunqwabela
|
ingeyunqwabela
|
Class 5
|
liyonqwabela
|
eliyonqwabela
|
liyonqwabela
|
aliyunqwabela
|
elingeyunqwabela
|
lingeyunqwabela
|
Class 6
|
ayonqwabela
|
ayonqwabela
|
eyonqwabela
|
awayunqwabela
|
angeyunqwabela
|
engeyunqwabela
|
Class 7
|
siyonqwabela
|
esiyonqwabela
|
siyonqwabela
|
asiyunqwabela
|
esingeyunqwabela
|
singeyunqwabela
|
Class 8
|
ziyonqwabela
|
eziyonqwabela
|
ziyonqwabela
|
aziyunqwabela
|
ezingeyunqwabela
|
zingeyunqwabela
|
Class 9
|
iyonqwabela
|
eyonqwabela
|
iyonqwabela
|
ayiyunqwabela
|
engeyunqwabela
|
ingeyunqwabela
|
Class 10
|
ziyonqwabela
|
eziyonqwabela
|
ziyonqwabela
|
aziyunqwabela
|
ezingeyunqwabela
|
zingeyunqwabela
|
Class 11
|
luyonqwabela
|
oluyonqwabela
|
luyonqwabela
|
aluyunqwabela
|
olungeyunqwabela
|
lungeyunqwabela
|
Class 14
|
buyonqwabela
|
obuyonqwabela
|
buyonqwabela
|
abuyunqwabela
|
obungeyunqwabela
|
bungeyunqwabela
|
Class 15
|
kuyonqwabela
|
okuyonqwabela
|
kuyonqwabela
|
akuyunqwabela
|
okungeyunqwabela
|
kungeyunqwabela
|
Class 17
|
kuyonqwabela
|
okuyonqwabela
|
kuyonqwabela
|
akuyunqwabela
|
okungeyunqwabela
|
kungeyunqwabela
|
|
Present subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
nginqwabele
|
nginganqwabeli
|
2nd singular
|
unqwabele
|
unganqwabeli
|
1st plural
|
sinqwabele
|
singanqwabeli
|
2nd plural
|
ninqwabele
|
ninganqwabeli
|
Class 1
|
anqwabele
|
anganqwabeli
|
Class 2
|
banqwabele
|
banganqwabeli
|
Class 3
|
unqwabele
|
unganqwabeli
|
Class 4
|
inqwabele
|
inganqwabeli
|
Class 5
|
linqwabele
|
linganqwabeli
|
Class 6
|
anqwabele
|
anganqwabeli
|
Class 7
|
sinqwabele
|
singanqwabeli
|
Class 8
|
zinqwabele
|
zinganqwabeli
|
Class 9
|
inqwabele
|
inganqwabeli
|
Class 10
|
zinqwabele
|
zinganqwabeli
|
Class 11
|
lunqwabele
|
lunganqwabeli
|
Class 14
|
bunqwabele
|
bunganqwabeli
|
Class 15
|
kunqwabele
|
kunganqwabeli
|
Class 17
|
kunqwabele
|
kunganqwabeli
|
|
Past subjunctive
|
|
Positive
|
Negative
|
1st singular
|
nganqwabela
|
nganganqwabela, anganqwabela, anganganqwabela
|
2nd singular
|
wanqwabela
|
wanganqwabela, awanqwabela, awanganqwabela
|
1st plural
|
sanqwabela
|
sanganqwabela, asanqwabela, asanganqwabela
|
2nd plural
|
nanqwabela
|
nanganqwabela, ananqwabela, ananganqwabela
|
Class 1
|
wanqwabela
|
wanganqwabela, akanqwabela, akanganqwabela
|
Class 2
|
banqwabela
|
banganqwabela, abanqwabela, abanganqwabela
|
Class 3
|
wanqwabela
|
wanganqwabela, awanqwabela, awanganqwabela
|
Class 4
|
yanqwabela
|
yanganqwabela, ayanqwabela, ayanganqwabela
|
Class 5
|
lanqwabela
|
langanqwabela, alanqwabela, alanganqwabela
|
Class 6
|
anqwabela
|
anganqwabela, awanqwabela, awanganqwabela
|
Class 7
|
sanqwabela
|
sanganqwabela, asanqwabela, asanganqwabela
|
Class 8
|
zanqwabela
|
zanganqwabela, azanqwabela, azanganqwabela
|
Class 9
|
yanqwabela
|
yanganqwabela, ayanqwabela, ayanganqwabela
|
Class 10
|
zanqwabela
|
zanganqwabela, azanqwabela, azanganqwabela
|
Class 11
|
lwanqwabela
|
lwanganqwabela, alwanqwabela, alwanganqwabela
|
Class 14
|
banqwabela
|
banganqwabela, abanqwabela, abanganqwabela
|
Class 15
|
kwanqwabela
|
kwanganqwabela, akwanqwabela, akwanganqwabela
|
Class 17
|
kwanqwabela
|
kwanganqwabela, akwanqwabela, akwanganqwabela
|