ntj jm

Egyptian

Etymology

From ntj (“(one) who is”) +‎ jm (“therein”).

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /nɛti im/, /ɛnti im/
  • Conventional anglicization: neti im, enti im

Noun

 m pl

1. (chiefly in the plural, euphemistic) the dead [since the Middle Kingdom]
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 6–7:

     ḏrtjw m ṯḥw mꜣ.sn sw ntjw jm ḥr nr n.f

     The ancestors are in joy when they see him, and the dead are in awe of him.

Inflection

Declension of ntj jm (masculine)

singular	ntj jm
dual	ntjwj jm
plural	ntjw jm

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ntj jm  

ntj jm	ntjw jm	ntjw jm	ntjw jm	ntjw jm	ntjw jm	ntj jm
			[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
	plural	plural	plural	plural	plural

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲙⲁⲩ (etemmau)
• Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲁⲩ (etm̄mau)

References

• “n.tj-jm (lemma ID 89900)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 72
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[4], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 355.9–355.10
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 17
• Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 124