pʾtzhl

Middle Persian

Etymology

From pʾt (/⁠pād⁠/) +‎ zhl (/⁠zahr⁠/). The first part is from the Old Persian 𐎱𐎠𐎮𐎹 (p-a-di-y /⁠pādiy⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *paH-, from Proto-Indo-European *peh₂- (“to protect”). The second part is from Old Persian *𐎩𐎰𐎼 (*j-θ-r /⁠*jaθra-⁠/), from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-tro-, from *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay, kill”).

Noun

pʾtzhl • (pādzahr)

1. bezoar
2. antidote

Descendants

• Classical Persian: پادزهر (pādzahr), پازهر (pāzahr), پای‌زهر (pāy-zahr), پاوزهر (pāwzahr)
  • → Arabic: بَازَهْر (bāzahr), بَادِزَهْر (bādizahr), فَادِزَهْر (fādizahr), بَاذِزَهْر (bāḏizahr), فَاذِزَهْر (fāḏizahr), بَازِدَهْر (bāzidahr), فَازِدَهْر (fāzidahr), بَنْزَهِير (banzahīr, “lime”)
    • Andalusian Arabic: بَازَهْر (bāzahr)
      • → Old Spanish: bezahar
        • Spanish: bezaar
    • Hijazi Arabic: بَنْزَهير (banzahēr, “lime”)
    • → French: bézoard
      • → English: bezoar, bezoard (or through Spanish)
        • → Hindustani:

          Hindi: बेज़ार (bezār)

          Urdu: بیزار (bezār)

      • → Italian: bezoar
      • → Norwegian:

        Norwegian Bokmål: besoar

        Norwegian Nynorsk: besoar

      • → Romanian: bezoar
      • → Spanish: bezoar, bezoár
        • → English: bezoar, bezoard (or directly from French)
          • → Hindustani:

            Hindi: बेज़ार (bezār)

            Urdu: بیزار (bezār)

        • → Polish: bezoar
        • → Portuguese: bezoar, benzoar
      • → Swedish: besoar, bezoar
  • → Hindustani:

    Hindi: पादज़हर (pādzahar), पाज़हर (pāzahar)

    Urdu: پادزہر (pādzahar), پازہر (pāzahar)

  • → Ottoman Turkish: پانزهر (panzehir)
    • Turkish: panzehir

References

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “pādzahr”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 63
• Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “bezoar”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.