peiner
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old French pener et al. corresponding to peine + -er.
Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /pɛ.ne/ ~ /pe.ne/
Audio: (file) Audio (France (Lyon)): (file) Audio (France (Somain)): (file)
Verb
[edit]peiner
- to struggle, toil
- Il a beaucoup peiné sur ce travail.
- He toiled a great deal over that job.
- to have trouble (doing something), to struggle to (do something) (with à + infinitive)
- On peine à trouver un nouvel employé pour remplir ce poste.
- They're having trouble finding a new employee to fill this job.
- to cause pain to, afflict
- Cette nouvelle m’a beaucoup peiné.
- The news pained me greatly
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of peiner (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | peiner | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | peinant /pɛ.nɑ̃/ or /pe.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | peiné /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | peine /pɛn/ |
peines /pɛn/ |
peine /pɛn/ |
peinons /pɛ.nɔ̃/ or /pe.nɔ̃/ |
peinez /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ |
peinent /pɛn/ |
| imperfect | peinais /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ |
peinais /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ |
peinait /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ |
peinions /pɛ.njɔ̃/ or /pe.njɔ̃/ |
peiniez /pɛ.nje/ or /pe.nje/ |
peinaient /pɛ.nɛ/ or /pe.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | peinai /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ |
peinas /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ |
peina /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ |
peinâmes /pɛ.nam/ or /pe.nam/ |
peinâtes /pɛ.nat/ or /pe.nat/ |
peinèrent /pɛ.nɛʁ/ or /pe.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | peinerai /pɛn.ʁe/ |
peineras /pɛn.ʁa/ |
peinera /pɛn.ʁa/ |
peinerons /pɛn.ʁɔ̃/ |
peinerez /pɛn.ʁe/ |
peineront /pɛn.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | peinerais /pɛn.ʁɛ/ |
peinerais /pɛn.ʁɛ/ |
peinerait /pɛn.ʁɛ/ |
peinerions /pɛ.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ or /pe.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
peineriez /pɛ.nə.ʁje/ or /pe.nə.ʁje/ |
peineraient /pɛn.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | peine /pɛn/ |
peines /pɛn/ |
peine /pɛn/ |
peinions /pɛ.njɔ̃/ or /pe.njɔ̃/ |
peiniez /pɛ.nje/ or /pe.nje/ |
peinent /pɛn/ |
| imperfect2 | peinasse /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ |
peinasses /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ |
peinât /pɛ.na/ or /pe.na/ |
peinassions /pɛ.na.sjɔ̃/ or /pe.na.sjɔ̃/ |
peinassiez /pɛ.na.sje/ or /pe.na.sje/ |
peinassent /pɛ.nas/ or /pe.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | peine /pɛn/ |
— | peinons /pɛ.nɔ̃/ or /pe.nɔ̃/ |
peinez /pɛ.ne/ or /pe.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
[edit]- “peiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012