pengaled
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From pen (“head”) + caled (“hard”).[1]
Adjective
[edit]pengaled (feminine singular pengaled, plural pengaled, equative mor bengaled, comparative mwy pengaled, superlative mwyaf pengaled)
- hard-headed, stubborn, obstinate, headstrong[1]
- Synonyms: cyndyn, (y)styfnig, penstiff, gwargaled
Derived terms
[edit]- pengaledwch (“stubbornness”)
Noun
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y bengaled f (uncountable)
- knapweed (Centaurea spp.)
- scabious (Scabiosa ssp.), especially field scabious (Knautia arvensis)[1]
- Synonyms: clafrllys, clafrllys y maes
Hyponyms
[edit]- pengaled seraidd Malta (“Maltese star-thistle”)
- y bengaled arw (“rough star-thistle”)
- y bengaled benfawr (“giant knapweed”)
- y bengaled fawr, y bengaled fwyaf, y bengaled goch (“greater knapweed”)
- y bengaled felen (“yellow starthistle”)
- y bengaled groesryw (“hybrid knapweed”)
- y bengaled (las) yr ŷd (“cornflower”)
- y bengaled (leiaf) benddu, y bengaled ddu, y bengaled goch (“common knapweed”)
- y bengaled lwytgoch (“brown knapweed”)
- y bengaled seraidd (“red starthistle”)
- y bengaled seraidd fach (“lesser starthistle”)
Other derived terms
[edit]- pengaled Rwsia (“Russian knapweed”)
- gorfanadl y bengaled (“knapweed broomrape”)
Mutation
[edit]| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
| pengaled | bengaled | mhengaled | phengaled |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
References
[edit]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “pengaled”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
- ^ Cymdeithas Edward Llwyd (2003) Planhigion Blodeuol, Conwydd a Rhedyn [Flowering Plants, Conifers and Ferns] (Cyfres Enwau Creaduriaid a Planhigion; 2)[1] (in Welsh), Llanrwst: Gwasg Carreg Gwalch, →ISBN, page 61[2]