phucula

Xhosa

Verb

-phucula^?

1. to improve

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

Derived from the ideophone phucu.

Verb

-phucula

1. to rub smooth

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuphucula
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuphucula	ukungaphuculi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	phucula	-phucule
Plural	phuculani	-phuculeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaphucula, ngiphucula	engiphuculayo, engiphucula	ngiphucula	angiphuculi	engingaphuculi	ngingaphuculi
2nd singular	uyaphucula, uphucula	ophuculayo, ophucula	uphucula	awuphuculi	ongaphuculi	ungaphuculi
1st plural	siyaphucula, siphucula	esiphuculayo, esiphucula	siphucula	asiphuculi	esingaphuculi	singaphuculi
2nd plural	niyaphucula, niphucula	eniphuculayo, eniphucula	niphucula	aniphuculi	eningaphuculi	ningaphuculi
Class 1	uyaphucula, uphucula	ophuculayo, ophucula	ephucula	akaphuculi	ongaphuculi	engaphuculi
Class 2	bayaphucula, baphucula	abaphuculayo, abaphucula	bephucula	abaphuculi	abangaphuculi	bengaphuculi
Class 3	uyaphucula, uphucula	ophuculayo, ophucula	uphucula	awuphuculi	ongaphuculi	ungaphuculi
Class 4	iyaphucula, iphucula	ephuculayo, ephucula	iphucula	ayiphuculi	engaphuculi	ingaphuculi
Class 5	liyaphucula, liphucula	eliphuculayo, eliphucula	liphucula	aliphuculi	elingaphuculi	lingaphuculi
Class 6	ayaphucula, aphucula	aphuculayo, aphucula	ephucula	awaphuculi	angaphuculi	engaphuculi
Class 7	siyaphucula, siphucula	esiphuculayo, esiphucula	siphucula	asiphuculi	esingaphuculi	singaphuculi
Class 8	ziyaphucula, ziphucula	eziphuculayo, eziphucula	ziphucula	aziphuculi	ezingaphuculi	zingaphuculi
Class 9	iyaphucula, iphucula	ephuculayo, ephucula	iphucula	ayiphuculi	engaphuculi	ingaphuculi
Class 10	ziyaphucula, ziphucula	eziphuculayo, eziphucula	ziphucula	aziphuculi	ezingaphuculi	zingaphuculi
Class 11	luyaphucula, luphucula	oluphuculayo, oluphucula	luphucula	aluphuculi	olungaphuculi	lungaphuculi
Class 14	buyaphucula, buphucula	obuphuculayo, obuphucula	buphucula	abuphuculi	obungaphuculi	bungaphuculi
Class 15	kuyaphucula, kuphucula	okuphuculayo, okuphucula	kuphucula	akuphuculi	okungaphuculi	kungaphuculi
Class 17	kuyaphucula, kuphucula	okuphuculayo, okuphucula	kuphucula	akuphuculi	okungaphuculi	kungaphuculi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiphuculile, ngiphuculē	engiphuculile, engiphuculē	ngiphuculile, ngiphuculē	angiphuculanga	engingaphuculanga	ngingaphuculanga
2nd singular	uphuculile, uphuculē	ophuculile, ophuculē	uphuculile, uphuculē	awuphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	ungaphuculanga
1st plural	siphuculile, siphuculē	esiphuculile, esiphuculē	siphuculile, siphuculē	asiphuculanga	esingaphuculanga	singaphuculanga
2nd plural	niphuculile, niphuculē	eniphuculile, eniphuculē	niphuculile, niphuculē	aniphuculanga	eningaphuculanga	ningaphuculanga
Class 1	uphuculile, uphuculē	ophuculile, ophuculē	ephuculile, ephuculē	akaphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	engaphuculanga
Class 2	baphuculile, baphuculē	abaphuculile, abaphuculē	bephuculile, bephuculē	abaphuculanga	abangaphuculanga	bengaphuculanga
Class 3	uphuculile, uphuculē	ophuculile, ophuculē	uphuculile, uphuculē	awuphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	ungaphuculanga
Class 4	iphuculile, iphuculē	ephuculile, ephuculē	iphuculile, iphuculē	ayiphuculanga	engaphuculanga	ingaphuculanga
Class 5	liphuculile, liphuculē	eliphuculile, eliphuculē	liphuculile, liphuculē	aliphuculanga	elingaphuculanga	lingaphuculanga
Class 6	aphuculile, aphuculē	aphuculile, aphuculē	ephuculile, ephuculē	awaphuculanga	angaphuculanga	engaphuculanga
Class 7	siphuculile, siphuculē	esiphuculile, esiphuculē	siphuculile, siphuculē	asiphuculanga	esingaphuculanga	singaphuculanga
Class 8	ziphuculile, ziphuculē	eziphuculile, eziphuculē	ziphuculile, ziphuculē	aziphuculanga	ezingaphuculanga	zingaphuculanga
Class 9	iphuculile, iphuculē	ephuculile, ephuculē	iphuculile, iphuculē	ayiphuculanga	engaphuculanga	ingaphuculanga
Class 10	ziphuculile, ziphuculē	eziphuculile, eziphuculē	ziphuculile, ziphuculē	aziphuculanga	ezingaphuculanga	zingaphuculanga
Class 11	luphuculile, luphuculē	oluphuculile, oluphuculē	luphuculile, luphuculē	aluphuculanga	olungaphuculanga	lungaphuculanga
Class 14	buphuculile, buphuculē	obuphuculile, obuphuculē	buphuculile, buphuculē	abuphuculanga	obungaphuculanga	bungaphuculanga
Class 15	kuphuculile, kuphuculē	okuphuculile, okuphuculē	kuphuculile, kuphuculē	akuphuculanga	okungaphuculanga	kungaphuculanga
Class 17	kuphuculile, kuphuculē	okuphuculile, okuphuculē	kuphuculile, kuphuculē	akuphuculanga	okungaphuculanga	kungaphuculanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāphucula	engāphucula	ngāphucula	angiphuculanga	engingaphuculanga	ngingaphuculanga
2nd singular	wāphucula	owāphucula	wāphucula	awuphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	ungaphuculanga
1st plural	sāphucula	esāphucula	sāphucula	asiphuculanga	esingaphuculanga	singaphuculanga
2nd plural	nāphucula	enāphucula	nāphucula	aniphuculanga	eningaphuculanga	ningaphuculanga
Class 1	wāphucula	owāphucula	āphucula	akaphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	engaphuculanga
Class 2	bāphucula	abāphucula	bāphucula	abaphuculanga	abangaphuculanga	bengaphuculanga
Class 3	wāphucula	owāphucula	wāphucula	awuphuculanga	ongaphuculanga	ungaphuculanga
Class 4	yāphucula	eyāphucula	yāphucula	ayiphuculanga	engaphuculanga	ingaphuculanga
Class 5	lāphucula	elāphucula	lāphucula	aliphuculanga	elingaphuculanga	lingaphuculanga
Class 6	āphucula	āphucula	āphucula	awaphuculanga	angaphuculanga	engaphuculanga
Class 7	sāphucula	esāphucula	sāphucula	asiphuculanga	esingaphuculanga	singaphuculanga
Class 8	zāphucula	ezāphucula	zāphucula	aziphuculanga	ezingaphuculanga	zingaphuculanga
Class 9	yāphucula	eyāphucula	yāphucula	ayiphuculanga	engaphuculanga	ingaphuculanga
Class 10	zāphucula	ezāphucula	zāphucula	aziphuculanga	ezingaphuculanga	zingaphuculanga
Class 11	lwāphucula	olwāphucula	lwāphucula	aluphuculanga	olungaphuculanga	lungaphuculanga
Class 14	bāphucula	obāphucula	bāphucula	abuphuculanga	obungaphuculanga	bungaphuculanga
Class 15	kwāphucula	okwāphucula	kwāphucula	akuphuculanga	okungaphuculanga	kungaphuculanga
Class 17	kwāphucula	okwāphucula	kwāphucula	akuphuculanga	okungaphuculanga	kungaphuculanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaphucula	—	ngingaphucula	ngingephucule	—	ngingephucule
2nd singular	ungaphucula	—	ungaphucula	ungephucule	—	ungephucule
1st plural	singaphucula	—	singaphucula	singephucule	—	singephucule
2nd plural	ningaphucula	—	ningaphucula	ningephucule	—	ningephucule
Class 1	angaphucula	—	engaphucula	angephucule	—	engephucule
Class 2	bangaphucula	—	bengaphucula	bangephucule	—	bengephucule
Class 3	ungaphucula	—	ungaphucula	ungephucule	—	ungephucule
Class 4	ingaphucula	—	ingaphucula	ingephucule	—	ingephucule
Class 5	lingaphucula	—	lingaphucula	lingephucule	—	lingephucule
Class 6	angaphucula	—	engaphucula	angephucule	—	engephucule
Class 7	singaphucula	—	singaphucula	singephucule	—	singephucule
Class 8	zingaphucula	—	zingaphucula	zingephucule	—	zingephucule
Class 9	ingaphucula	—	ingaphucula	ingephucule	—	ingephucule
Class 10	zingaphucula	—	zingaphucula	zingephucule	—	zingephucule
Class 11	lungaphucula	—	lungaphucula	lungephucule	—	lungephucule
Class 14	bungaphucula	—	bungaphucula	bungephucule	—	bungephucule
Class 15	kungaphucula	—	kungaphucula	kungephucule	—	kungephucule
Class 17	kungaphucula	—	kungaphucula	kungephucule	—	kungephucule
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizophucula	engizophucula	ngizophucula	angizuphucula	engingezuphucula	ngingezuphucula
2nd singular	uzophucula	ozophucula	uzophucula	awuzuphucula	ongezuphucula	ungezuphucula
1st plural	sizophucula	esizophucula	sizophucula	asizuphucula	esingezuphucula	singezuphucula
2nd plural	nizophucula	enizophucula	nizophucula	anizuphucula	eningezuphucula	ningezuphucula
Class 1	uzophucula	ozophucula	ezophucula	akazuphucula	ongezuphucula	engezuphucula
Class 2	bazophucula	abazophucula	bezophucula	abazuphucula	abangezuphucula	bengezuphucula
Class 3	uzophucula	ozophucula	uzophucula	awuzuphucula	ongezuphucula	ungezuphucula
Class 4	izophucula	ezophucula	izophucula	ayizuphucula	engezuphucula	ingezuphucula
Class 5	lizophucula	elizophucula	lizophucula	alizuphucula	elingezuphucula	lingezuphucula
Class 6	azophucula	azophucula	ezophucula	awazuphucula	angezuphucula	engezuphucula
Class 7	sizophucula	esizophucula	sizophucula	asizuphucula	esingezuphucula	singezuphucula
Class 8	zizophucula	ezizophucula	zizophucula	azizuphucula	ezingezuphucula	zingezuphucula
Class 9	izophucula	ezophucula	izophucula	ayizuphucula	engezuphucula	ingezuphucula
Class 10	zizophucula	ezizophucula	zizophucula	azizuphucula	ezingezuphucula	zingezuphucula
Class 11	luzophucula	oluzophucula	luzophucula	aluzuphucula	olungezuphucula	lungezuphucula
Class 14	buzophucula	obuzophucula	buzophucula	abuzuphucula	obungezuphucula	bungezuphucula
Class 15	kuzophucula	okuzophucula	kuzophucula	akuzuphucula	okungezuphucula	kungezuphucula
Class 17	kuzophucula	okuzophucula	kuzophucula	akuzuphucula	okungezuphucula	kungezuphucula
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyophucula	engiyophucula	ngiyophucula	angiyuphucula	engingeyuphucula	ngingeyuphucula
2nd singular	uyophucula	oyophucula	uyophucula	awuyuphucula	ongeyuphucula	ungeyuphucula
1st plural	siyophucula	esiyophucula	siyophucula	asiyuphucula	esingeyuphucula	singeyuphucula
2nd plural	niyophucula	eniyophucula	niyophucula	aniyuphucula	eningeyuphucula	ningeyuphucula
Class 1	uyophucula	oyophucula	eyophucula	akayuphucula	ongeyuphucula	engeyuphucula
Class 2	bayophucula	abayophucula	beyophucula	abayuphucula	abangeyuphucula	bengeyuphucula
Class 3	uyophucula	oyophucula	uyophucula	awuyuphucula	ongeyuphucula	ungeyuphucula
Class 4	iyophucula	eyophucula	iyophucula	ayiyuphucula	engeyuphucula	ingeyuphucula
Class 5	liyophucula	eliyophucula	liyophucula	aliyuphucula	elingeyuphucula	lingeyuphucula
Class 6	ayophucula	ayophucula	eyophucula	awayuphucula	angeyuphucula	engeyuphucula
Class 7	siyophucula	esiyophucula	siyophucula	asiyuphucula	esingeyuphucula	singeyuphucula
Class 8	ziyophucula	eziyophucula	ziyophucula	aziyuphucula	ezingeyuphucula	zingeyuphucula
Class 9	iyophucula	eyophucula	iyophucula	ayiyuphucula	engeyuphucula	ingeyuphucula
Class 10	ziyophucula	eziyophucula	ziyophucula	aziyuphucula	ezingeyuphucula	zingeyuphucula
Class 11	luyophucula	oluyophucula	luyophucula	aluyuphucula	olungeyuphucula	lungeyuphucula
Class 14	buyophucula	obuyophucula	buyophucula	abuyuphucula	obungeyuphucula	bungeyuphucula
Class 15	kuyophucula	okuyophucula	kuyophucula	akuyuphucula	okungeyuphucula	kungeyuphucula
Class 17	kuyophucula	okuyophucula	kuyophucula	akuyuphucula	okungeyuphucula	kungeyuphucula
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiphucule	ngingaphuculi
2nd singular	uphucule	ungaphuculi
1st plural	siphucule	singaphuculi
2nd plural	niphucule	ningaphuculi
Class 1	aphucule	angaphuculi
Class 2	baphucule	bangaphuculi
Class 3	uphucule	ungaphuculi
Class 4	iphucule	ingaphuculi
Class 5	liphucule	lingaphuculi
Class 6	aphucule	angaphuculi
Class 7	siphucule	singaphuculi
Class 8	ziphucule	zingaphuculi
Class 9	iphucule	ingaphuculi
Class 10	ziphucule	zingaphuculi
Class 11	luphucule	lungaphuculi
Class 14	buphucule	bungaphuculi
Class 15	kuphucule	kungaphuculi
Class 17	kuphucule	kungaphuculi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaphucula	ngangaphucula, angaphucula, angangaphucula
2nd singular	waphucula	wangaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula
1st plural	saphucula	sangaphucula, asaphucula, asangaphucula
2nd plural	naphucula	nangaphucula, anaphucula, anangaphucula
Class 1	waphucula	wangaphucula, akaphucula, akangaphucula
Class 2	baphucula	bangaphucula, abaphucula, abangaphucula
Class 3	waphucula	wangaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula
Class 4	yaphucula	yangaphucula, ayaphucula, ayangaphucula
Class 5	laphucula	langaphucula, alaphucula, alangaphucula
Class 6	aphucula	angaphucula, awaphucula, awangaphucula
Class 7	saphucula	sangaphucula, asaphucula, asangaphucula
Class 8	zaphucula	zangaphucula, azaphucula, azangaphucula
Class 9	yaphucula	yangaphucula, ayaphucula, ayangaphucula
Class 10	zaphucula	zangaphucula, azaphucula, azangaphucula
Class 11	lwaphucula	lwangaphucula, alwaphucula, alwangaphucula
Class 14	baphucula	bangaphucula, abaphucula, abangaphucula
Class 15	kwaphucula	kwangaphucula, akwaphucula, akwangaphucula
Class 17	kwaphucula	kwangaphucula, akwaphucula, akwangaphucula

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “phucula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “phucula (3.2.9)”