pitymallik
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Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in 1784. Probably a derivation from an otherwise unattested onomatopoeic stem + -m (instantaneous verb-forming suffix) + -llik (frequentative-reflexive verb-forming suffix). Created during the Hungarian language reform, which took place in the 18th–19th centuries.[1][2]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
pitymallik
- (impersonal or with ég (“sky”) as its subject) to dawn
- Synonyms: hajnalodik, virrad, pirkad, dereng
- (rare, e.g. of landscape) to slowly become visible in the dawn twilight
Conjugation[edit]
conjugation of pitymallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | pitymallik | only 3rd-person forms | pitymallanak | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | pitymallott | ― | pitymallottak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pitymallani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | pitymalla or pitymallék |
― | pitymallának | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pitymallik vala, pitymallott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | pitymalland (or pitymallandik) |
― | pitymallandanak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | pitymallana (or pitymallanék) |
― | pitymallanának | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pitymallott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | pitymalljon or pitymalljék |
― | pitymalljanak | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pitymallott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | pitymallani | ― | pitymallania | ― | pitymallaniuk | ||||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| pitymallás | pitymalló | pitymallott | ― | pitymallva (pitymallván) | |||||
potential conjugation of pitymallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | only 3rd-person forms | pitymallhat (or pitymallhatik) |
only 3rd-person forms | pitymallhatnak | |||
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | ― | pitymallhatott | ― | pitymallhattak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | ― | pitymallhata or pitymallhaték |
― | pitymallhatának | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. pitymallhat vala, pitymallhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | ― | pitymallhatand or pitymallandhat (or pitymallhatandik or pitymallandhatik) |
― | pitymallhatandanak or pitymallandhatnak | ||||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | pitymallhatna (or pitymallhatnék) |
― | pitymallhatnának | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pitymallhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | ― | pitymallhasson (or pitymallhassék) |
― | pitymallhassanak | |||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pitymallhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (pitymallhatni) | ― | (pitymallhatnia) | ― | (pitymallhatniuk) | ||||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (pitymallhatva / pitymallhatván) | ||||
With its uncommon personal forms included:
conjugation of pitymallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymallok | pitymallasz | pitymallik | pitymallunk | pitymallotok | pitymallanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | pitymallottam | pitymallottál | pitymallott | pitymallottunk | pitymallottatok | pitymallottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. pitymallani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | pitymallék or pitymallám |
pitymallál | pitymalla or pitymallék |
pitymallánk | pitymallátok | pitymallának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. pitymallik vala, pitymallott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | pitymallandok (or pitymallandom) |
pitymallandasz (or pitymallandol) |
pitymalland (or pitymallandik*) |
pitymallandunk | pitymallandotok | pitymallandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymallanék (or pitymallanám) |
pitymallanál | pitymallana (or pitymallanék*) |
pitymallanánk | pitymallanátok | pitymallanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pitymallott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymalljak | pitymallj or pitymalljál |
pitymalljon or pitymalljék |
pitymalljunk | pitymalljatok | pitymalljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pitymallott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | pitymallani | pitymallanom | pitymallanod | pitymallania | pitymallanunk | pitymallanotok | pitymallaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| pitymallás | pitymalló | pitymallott | ― | pitymallva (pitymallván) | |||||
potential conjugation of pitymallik
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymallhatok | pitymallhatsz (or pitymallhatol) |
pitymallhat (or pitymallhatik) |
pitymallhatunk | pitymallhattok | pitymallhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | pitymallhattam | pitymallhattál | pitymallhatott | pitymallhattunk | pitymallhattatok | pitymallhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | pitymallhaték or pitymallhatám |
pitymallhatál | pitymallhata or pitymallhaték |
pitymallhatánk | pitymallhatátok | pitymallhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. pitymallhat vala, pitymallhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | pitymallhatandok or pitymallandhatok (or pitymallhatandom or pitymallandhatom) |
pitymallhatandasz or pitymallandhatsz (or pitymallhatandol or pitymallandhatol) |
pitymallhatand or pitymallandhat (or pitymallhatandik or pitymallandhatik*) |
pitymallhatandunk or pitymallandhatunk |
pitymallhatandotok or pitymallandhattok |
pitymallhatandanak or pitymallandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymallhatnék (or pitymallhatnám) |
pitymallhatnál | pitymallhatna (or pitymallhatnék*) |
pitymallhatnánk | pitymallhatnátok | pitymallhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. pitymallhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | pitymallhassak (or pitymallhassam) |
pitymallhass or pitymallhassál |
pitymallhasson (or pitymallhassék) |
pitymallhassunk | pitymallhassatok | pitymallhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. pitymallhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (pitymallhatni) | (pitymallhatnom) | (pitymallhatnod) | (pitymallhatnia) | (pitymallhatnunk) | (pitymallhatnotok) | (pitymallhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (pitymallhatva / pitymallhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ pitymallik in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
- ^ pitymallik in Tótfalusi, István. Magyar etimológiai nagyszótár (’Hungarian Comprehensive Dictionary of Etymology’). Budapest: Arcanum Adatbázis, 2001; Arcanum DVD Könyvtár →ISBN
Further reading[edit]
- pitymallik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN