reithid

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• rethid, rethith

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *reteti, from Proto-Indo-European *Hreth₂-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈrʲe.θʲəðʲ/
  • (Blasse) [ˈrʲe.θʲɪðʲ]
  • (Griffith) [ˈrʲe.θʲɨðʲ]

Verb

reithid (conjunct ·reith, verbal noun riuth or rith)

1. to run, to speed
   • c. 760-800, Torche na nDessi from Laud 610; published in "The Expulsion of the Déssi", Ériu 3 (1907), edited by Kuno Meyer, pp. 135-142 , line 207:

     Amal ossa, is [s]amlaid ro·ráthatar ass.

     They ran away like deer.

     (literally, “Like deer, it's like them they ran away.”)

Inflection

Simple, class B I present, á preterite, unreduplicated s future, s subjunctive

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	abs.	rithu, rithim	rithi	rethid, rethith	rethmai	reithe	rethait
	conj.	·riuth	·rethi	·reith	·retham	·reithid	·rethat
	rel.			rethes, rethess			retae, rethae
imperfect indicative							·reitis, ·reithis
preterite	abs.			ráith			ráthatar
	conj.
	rel.
perfect	deut.						ro·ráthatar
	prot.						·rorthatar, ·rorthetar, ·rrúairthetar
future	abs.			reiss
	conj.			·ré			·ressat
	rel.
conditional
present subjunctive	abs.			reiss
	conj.			·ré			·ressat
	rel.
past subjunctive				·ressed
imperative
verbal noun		rith, riuth
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ad·reith
• ar·reith
• con·tetarrat
• do·airret
• do·etarrat
• do·fuarat
• do·íarmórat
• do·imthiret
• fo·reith
• fo·timmthirid
• in·reith
• ton·comrit

Related terms

• comthururas
• turus

Descendants

In all modern Goidelic languages, the verbal reflex of reithid came to adopt the same vowel as the verbal noun riuth.

• Middle Irish: reithid
  • Irish: rith
  • Manx: roie
  • Scottish Gaelic: ruith

Mutation

Mutation of reithid

radical	lenition	nasalization
reithid also rreithid in h-prothesis environments	reithid pronounced with /ɾʲ-/	reithid also rreithid

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “reithid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913), Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 597, pages 597–598