ruminer

French

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin rūminārī.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʁy.mi.ne/

• Audio:

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• Audio (France (Lyon)):

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• Audio (France (Somain)):

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Verb

ruminer

1. to ruminate (to chew the cud)
2. to ponder, turn over, chew over (in one's mind)
   • 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manche‎^{fr.Wikisource}, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:

     Quatre jours se passèrent à ruminer dans sa tête quel nom il lui donnerait

     Four days were spent in turning over in his mind what name he would give him.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ruminer (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	ruminer
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	ruminant /ʁy.mi.nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		ruminé /ʁy.mi.ne/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	rumine /ʁy.min/	rumines /ʁy.min/	rumine /ʁy.min/	ruminons /ʁy.mi.nɔ̃/	ruminez /ʁy.mi.ne/	ruminent /ʁy.min/
	imperfect	ruminais /ʁy.mi.nɛ/	ruminais /ʁy.mi.nɛ/	ruminait /ʁy.mi.nɛ/	ruminions /ʁy.mi.njɔ̃/	ruminiez /ʁy.mi.nje/	ruminaient /ʁy.mi.nɛ/
	past historic2	ruminai /ʁy.mi.ne/	ruminas /ʁy.mi.na/	rumina /ʁy.mi.na/	ruminâmes /ʁy.mi.nam/	ruminâtes /ʁy.mi.nat/	ruminèrent /ʁy.mi.nɛʁ/
	future	ruminerai /ʁy.min.ʁe/	rumineras /ʁy.min.ʁa/	ruminera /ʁy.min.ʁa/	ruminerons /ʁy.min.ʁɔ̃/	ruminerez /ʁy.min.ʁe/	rumineront /ʁy.min.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	ruminerais /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/	ruminerais /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/	ruminerait /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/	ruminerions /ʁy.mi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/	rumineriez /ʁy.mi.nə.ʁje/	rumineraient /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	rumine /ʁy.min/	rumines /ʁy.min/	rumine /ʁy.min/	ruminions /ʁy.mi.njɔ̃/	ruminiez /ʁy.mi.nje/	ruminent /ʁy.min/
	imperfect2	ruminasse /ʁy.mi.nas/	ruminasses /ʁy.mi.nas/	ruminât /ʁy.mi.na/	ruminassions /ʁy.mi.na.sjɔ̃/	ruminassiez /ʁy.mi.na.sje/	ruminassent /ʁy.mi.nas/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	rumine /ʁy.min/	—	ruminons /ʁy.mi.nɔ̃/	ruminez /ʁy.mi.ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Further reading

• “ruminer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Latin

Verb

rūminer

1. first-person singular present active subjunctive of rūminor