ruminer
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French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
ruminer
- to ruminate (to chew the cud)
- to ponder, turn over, chew over (in one's mind)
- 1837, Louis Viardot, L’Ingénieux Hidalgo Don Quichotte de la Manchefr.Wikisource, translation of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha by Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra, Chapter I:
- Quatre jours se passèrent à ruminer dans sa tête quel nom il lui donnerait
- Four days were spent in turning over in his mind what name he would give him.
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation of ruminer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | ruminer | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | ruminant /ʁy.mi.nɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | ruminé /ʁy.mi.ne/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rumine /ʁy.min/ |
rumines /ʁy.min/ |
rumine /ʁy.min/ |
ruminons /ʁy.mi.nɔ̃/ |
ruminez /ʁy.mi.ne/ |
ruminent /ʁy.min/ |
| imperfect | ruminais /ʁy.mi.nɛ/ |
ruminais /ʁy.mi.nɛ/ |
ruminait /ʁy.mi.nɛ/ |
ruminions /ʁy.mi.njɔ̃/ |
ruminiez /ʁy.mi.nje/ |
ruminaient /ʁy.mi.nɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | ruminai /ʁy.mi.ne/ |
ruminas /ʁy.mi.na/ |
rumina /ʁy.mi.na/ |
ruminâmes /ʁy.mi.nam/ |
ruminâtes /ʁy.mi.nat/ |
ruminèrent /ʁy.mi.nɛʁ/ | |
| future | ruminerai /ʁy.min.ʁe/ |
rumineras /ʁy.min.ʁa/ |
ruminera /ʁy.min.ʁa/ |
ruminerons /ʁy.min.ʁɔ̃/ |
ruminerez /ʁy.min.ʁe/ |
rumineront /ʁy.min.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | ruminerais /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/ |
ruminerais /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/ |
ruminerait /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/ |
ruminerions /ʁy.mi.nə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
rumineriez /ʁy.mi.nə.ʁje/ |
rumineraient /ʁy.min.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | rumine /ʁy.min/ |
rumines /ʁy.min/ |
rumine /ʁy.min/ |
ruminions /ʁy.mi.njɔ̃/ |
ruminiez /ʁy.mi.nje/ |
ruminent /ʁy.min/ |
| imperfect2 | ruminasse /ʁy.mi.nas/ |
ruminasses /ʁy.mi.nas/ |
ruminât /ʁy.mi.na/ |
ruminassions /ʁy.mi.na.sjɔ̃/ |
ruminassiez /ʁy.mi.na.sje/ |
ruminassent /ʁy.mi.nas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | rumine /ʁy.min/ |
— | ruminons /ʁy.mi.nɔ̃/ |
ruminez /ʁy.mi.ne/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading[edit]
- “ruminer”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Latin[edit]
Verb[edit]
rūminer