sayina

Northern Ndebele

Etymology

Borrowed from English sign.

Verb

-sáyína

1. to sign

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Xhosa

Etymology

Borrowed from English sign.

Verb

-sáyína

1. (transitive) to sign

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

Borrowed from English sign.

Verb

-sayína

1. (transitive) to sign, to subscribe

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukusayina
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukusayina	ukungasayini
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	sayina	-sayine
Plural	sayinani	-sayineni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyasayina, ngisayina	engisayinayo, engisayina	ngisayina	angisayini	engingasayini	ngingasayini
2nd singular	uyasayina, usayina	osayinayo, osayina	usayina	awusayini	ongasayini	ungasayini
1st plural	siyasayina, sisayina	esisayinayo, esisayina	sisayina	asisayini	esingasayini	singasayini
2nd plural	niyasayina, nisayina	enisayinayo, enisayina	nisayina	anisayini	eningasayini	ningasayini
Class 1	uyasayina, usayina	osayinayo, osayina	esayina	akasayini	ongasayini	engasayini
Class 2	bayasayina, basayina	abasayinayo, abasayina	besayina	abasayini	abangasayini	bengasayini
Class 3	uyasayina, usayina	osayinayo, osayina	usayina	awusayini	ongasayini	ungasayini
Class 4	iyasayina, isayina	esayinayo, esayina	isayina	ayisayini	engasayini	ingasayini
Class 5	liyasayina, lisayina	elisayinayo, elisayina	lisayina	alisayini	elingasayini	lingasayini
Class 6	ayasayina, asayina	asayinayo, asayina	esayina	awasayini	angasayini	engasayini
Class 7	siyasayina, sisayina	esisayinayo, esisayina	sisayina	asisayini	esingasayini	singasayini
Class 8	ziyasayina, zisayina	ezisayinayo, ezisayina	zisayina	azisayini	ezingasayini	zingasayini
Class 9	iyasayina, isayina	esayinayo, esayina	isayina	ayisayini	engasayini	ingasayini
Class 10	ziyasayina, zisayina	ezisayinayo, ezisayina	zisayina	azisayini	ezingasayini	zingasayini
Class 11	luyasayina, lusayina	olusayinayo, olusayina	lusayina	alusayini	olungasayini	lungasayini
Class 14	buyasayina, busayina	obusayinayo, obusayina	busayina	abusayini	obungasayini	bungasayini
Class 15	kuyasayina, kusayina	okusayinayo, okusayina	kusayina	akusayini	okungasayini	kungasayini
Class 17	kuyasayina, kusayina	okusayinayo, okusayina	kusayina	akusayini	okungasayini	kungasayini
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngisayinile, ngisayinē	engisayinile, engisayinē	ngisayinile, ngisayinē	angisayinanga	engingasayinanga	ngingasayinanga
2nd singular	usayinile, usayinē	osayinile, osayinē	usayinile, usayinē	awusayinanga	ongasayinanga	ungasayinanga
1st plural	sisayinile, sisayinē	esisayinile, esisayinē	sisayinile, sisayinē	asisayinanga	esingasayinanga	singasayinanga
2nd plural	nisayinile, nisayinē	enisayinile, enisayinē	nisayinile, nisayinē	anisayinanga	eningasayinanga	ningasayinanga
Class 1	usayinile, usayinē	osayinile, osayinē	esayinile, esayinē	akasayinanga	ongasayinanga	engasayinanga
Class 2	basayinile, basayinē	abasayinile, abasayinē	besayinile, besayinē	abasayinanga	abangasayinanga	bengasayinanga
Class 3	usayinile, usayinē	osayinile, osayinē	usayinile, usayinē	awusayinanga	ongasayinanga	ungasayinanga
Class 4	isayinile, isayinē	esayinile, esayinē	isayinile, isayinē	ayisayinanga	engasayinanga	ingasayinanga
Class 5	lisayinile, lisayinē	elisayinile, elisayinē	lisayinile, lisayinē	alisayinanga	elingasayinanga	lingasayinanga
Class 6	asayinile, asayinē	asayinile, asayinē	esayinile, esayinē	awasayinanga	angasayinanga	engasayinanga
Class 7	sisayinile, sisayinē	esisayinile, esisayinē	sisayinile, sisayinē	asisayinanga	esingasayinanga	singasayinanga
Class 8	zisayinile, zisayinē	ezisayinile, ezisayinē	zisayinile, zisayinē	azisayinanga	ezingasayinanga	zingasayinanga
Class 9	isayinile, isayinē	esayinile, esayinē	isayinile, isayinē	ayisayinanga	engasayinanga	ingasayinanga
Class 10	zisayinile, zisayinē	ezisayinile, ezisayinē	zisayinile, zisayinē	azisayinanga	ezingasayinanga	zingasayinanga
Class 11	lusayinile, lusayinē	olusayinile, olusayinē	lusayinile, lusayinē	alusayinanga	olungasayinanga	lungasayinanga
Class 14	busayinile, busayinē	obusayinile, obusayinē	busayinile, busayinē	abusayinanga	obungasayinanga	bungasayinanga
Class 15	kusayinile, kusayinē	okusayinile, okusayinē	kusayinile, kusayinē	akusayinanga	okungasayinanga	kungasayinanga
Class 17	kusayinile, kusayinē	okusayinile, okusayinē	kusayinile, kusayinē	akusayinanga	okungasayinanga	kungasayinanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāsayina	engāsayina	ngāsayina	angisayinanga	engingasayinanga	ngingasayinanga
2nd singular	wāsayina	owāsayina	wāsayina	awusayinanga	ongasayinanga	ungasayinanga
1st plural	sāsayina	esāsayina	sāsayina	asisayinanga	esingasayinanga	singasayinanga
2nd plural	nāsayina	enāsayina	nāsayina	anisayinanga	eningasayinanga	ningasayinanga
Class 1	wāsayina	owāsayina	āsayina	akasayinanga	ongasayinanga	engasayinanga
Class 2	bāsayina	abāsayina	bāsayina	abasayinanga	abangasayinanga	bengasayinanga
Class 3	wāsayina	owāsayina	wāsayina	awusayinanga	ongasayinanga	ungasayinanga
Class 4	yāsayina	eyāsayina	yāsayina	ayisayinanga	engasayinanga	ingasayinanga
Class 5	lāsayina	elāsayina	lāsayina	alisayinanga	elingasayinanga	lingasayinanga
Class 6	āsayina	āsayina	āsayina	awasayinanga	angasayinanga	engasayinanga
Class 7	sāsayina	esāsayina	sāsayina	asisayinanga	esingasayinanga	singasayinanga
Class 8	zāsayina	ezāsayina	zāsayina	azisayinanga	ezingasayinanga	zingasayinanga
Class 9	yāsayina	eyāsayina	yāsayina	ayisayinanga	engasayinanga	ingasayinanga
Class 10	zāsayina	ezāsayina	zāsayina	azisayinanga	ezingasayinanga	zingasayinanga
Class 11	lwāsayina	olwāsayina	lwāsayina	alusayinanga	olungasayinanga	lungasayinanga
Class 14	bāsayina	obāsayina	bāsayina	abusayinanga	obungasayinanga	bungasayinanga
Class 15	kwāsayina	okwāsayina	kwāsayina	akusayinanga	okungasayinanga	kungasayinanga
Class 17	kwāsayina	okwāsayina	kwāsayina	akusayinanga	okungasayinanga	kungasayinanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingasayina	—	ngingasayina	ngingesayine	—	ngingesayine
2nd singular	ungasayina	—	ungasayina	ungesayine	—	ungesayine
1st plural	singasayina	—	singasayina	singesayine	—	singesayine
2nd plural	ningasayina	—	ningasayina	ningesayine	—	ningesayine
Class 1	angasayina	—	engasayina	angesayine	—	engesayine
Class 2	bangasayina	—	bengasayina	bangesayine	—	bengesayine
Class 3	ungasayina	—	ungasayina	ungesayine	—	ungesayine
Class 4	ingasayina	—	ingasayina	ingesayine	—	ingesayine
Class 5	lingasayina	—	lingasayina	lingesayine	—	lingesayine
Class 6	angasayina	—	engasayina	angesayine	—	engesayine
Class 7	singasayina	—	singasayina	singesayine	—	singesayine
Class 8	zingasayina	—	zingasayina	zingesayine	—	zingesayine
Class 9	ingasayina	—	ingasayina	ingesayine	—	ingesayine
Class 10	zingasayina	—	zingasayina	zingesayine	—	zingesayine
Class 11	lungasayina	—	lungasayina	lungesayine	—	lungesayine
Class 14	bungasayina	—	bungasayina	bungesayine	—	bungesayine
Class 15	kungasayina	—	kungasayina	kungesayine	—	kungesayine
Class 17	kungasayina	—	kungasayina	kungesayine	—	kungesayine
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizosayina	engizosayina	ngizosayina	angizusayina	engingezusayina	ngingezusayina
2nd singular	uzosayina	ozosayina	uzosayina	awuzusayina	ongezusayina	ungezusayina
1st plural	sizosayina	esizosayina	sizosayina	asizusayina	esingezusayina	singezusayina
2nd plural	nizosayina	enizosayina	nizosayina	anizusayina	eningezusayina	ningezusayina
Class 1	uzosayina	ozosayina	ezosayina	akazusayina	ongezusayina	engezusayina
Class 2	bazosayina	abazosayina	bezosayina	abazusayina	abangezusayina	bengezusayina
Class 3	uzosayina	ozosayina	uzosayina	awuzusayina	ongezusayina	ungezusayina
Class 4	izosayina	ezosayina	izosayina	ayizusayina	engezusayina	ingezusayina
Class 5	lizosayina	elizosayina	lizosayina	alizusayina	elingezusayina	lingezusayina
Class 6	azosayina	azosayina	ezosayina	awazusayina	angezusayina	engezusayina
Class 7	sizosayina	esizosayina	sizosayina	asizusayina	esingezusayina	singezusayina
Class 8	zizosayina	ezizosayina	zizosayina	azizusayina	ezingezusayina	zingezusayina
Class 9	izosayina	ezosayina	izosayina	ayizusayina	engezusayina	ingezusayina
Class 10	zizosayina	ezizosayina	zizosayina	azizusayina	ezingezusayina	zingezusayina
Class 11	luzosayina	oluzosayina	luzosayina	aluzusayina	olungezusayina	lungezusayina
Class 14	buzosayina	obuzosayina	buzosayina	abuzusayina	obungezusayina	bungezusayina
Class 15	kuzosayina	okuzosayina	kuzosayina	akuzusayina	okungezusayina	kungezusayina
Class 17	kuzosayina	okuzosayina	kuzosayina	akuzusayina	okungezusayina	kungezusayina
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyosayina	engiyosayina	ngiyosayina	angiyusayina	engingeyusayina	ngingeyusayina
2nd singular	uyosayina	oyosayina	uyosayina	awuyusayina	ongeyusayina	ungeyusayina
1st plural	siyosayina	esiyosayina	siyosayina	asiyusayina	esingeyusayina	singeyusayina
2nd plural	niyosayina	eniyosayina	niyosayina	aniyusayina	eningeyusayina	ningeyusayina
Class 1	uyosayina	oyosayina	eyosayina	akayusayina	ongeyusayina	engeyusayina
Class 2	bayosayina	abayosayina	beyosayina	abayusayina	abangeyusayina	bengeyusayina
Class 3	uyosayina	oyosayina	uyosayina	awuyusayina	ongeyusayina	ungeyusayina
Class 4	iyosayina	eyosayina	iyosayina	ayiyusayina	engeyusayina	ingeyusayina
Class 5	liyosayina	eliyosayina	liyosayina	aliyusayina	elingeyusayina	lingeyusayina
Class 6	ayosayina	ayosayina	eyosayina	awayusayina	angeyusayina	engeyusayina
Class 7	siyosayina	esiyosayina	siyosayina	asiyusayina	esingeyusayina	singeyusayina
Class 8	ziyosayina	eziyosayina	ziyosayina	aziyusayina	ezingeyusayina	zingeyusayina
Class 9	iyosayina	eyosayina	iyosayina	ayiyusayina	engeyusayina	ingeyusayina
Class 10	ziyosayina	eziyosayina	ziyosayina	aziyusayina	ezingeyusayina	zingeyusayina
Class 11	luyosayina	oluyosayina	luyosayina	aluyusayina	olungeyusayina	lungeyusayina
Class 14	buyosayina	obuyosayina	buyosayina	abuyusayina	obungeyusayina	bungeyusayina
Class 15	kuyosayina	okuyosayina	kuyosayina	akuyusayina	okungeyusayina	kungeyusayina
Class 17	kuyosayina	okuyosayina	kuyosayina	akuyusayina	okungeyusayina	kungeyusayina
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngisayine	ngingasayini
2nd singular	usayine	ungasayini
1st plural	sisayine	singasayini
2nd plural	nisayine	ningasayini
Class 1	asayine	angasayini
Class 2	basayine	bangasayini
Class 3	usayine	ungasayini
Class 4	isayine	ingasayini
Class 5	lisayine	lingasayini
Class 6	asayine	angasayini
Class 7	sisayine	singasayini
Class 8	zisayine	zingasayini
Class 9	isayine	ingasayini
Class 10	zisayine	zingasayini
Class 11	lusayine	lungasayini
Class 14	busayine	bungasayini
Class 15	kusayine	kungasayini
Class 17	kusayine	kungasayini
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngasayina	ngangasayina, angasayina, angangasayina
2nd singular	wasayina	wangasayina, awasayina, awangasayina
1st plural	sasayina	sangasayina, asasayina, asangasayina
2nd plural	nasayina	nangasayina, anasayina, anangasayina
Class 1	wasayina	wangasayina, akasayina, akangasayina
Class 2	basayina	bangasayina, abasayina, abangasayina
Class 3	wasayina	wangasayina, awasayina, awangasayina
Class 4	yasayina	yangasayina, ayasayina, ayangasayina
Class 5	lasayina	langasayina, alasayina, alangasayina
Class 6	asayina	angasayina, awasayina, awangasayina
Class 7	sasayina	sangasayina, asasayina, asangasayina
Class 8	zasayina	zangasayina, azasayina, azangasayina
Class 9	yasayina	yangasayina, ayasayina, ayangasayina
Class 10	zasayina	zangasayina, azasayina, azangasayina
Class 11	lwasayina	lwangasayina, alwasayina, alwangasayina
Class 14	basayina	bangasayina, abasayina, abangasayina
Class 15	kwasayina	kwangasayina, akwasayina, akwangasayina
Class 17	kwasayina	kwangasayina, akwasayina, akwangasayina

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “sayina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “sayina (3.2.9)”