shwabana

Xhosa

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

-shwabana^?

1. (intransitive) to shrink

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʃwaɓáːna/

Verb

-shwabána

1. (intransitive) to shrink, to shrivel
2. (intransitive) to feel awkward

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukushwabana
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukushwabana	ukungashwabani
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	shwabana	-shwabane
Plural	shwabanani	-shwabaneni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyashwabana, ngishwabana	engishwabanayo, engishwabana	ngishwabana	angishwabani	engingashwabani	ngingashwabani
2nd singular	uyashwabana, ushwabana	oshwabanayo, oshwabana	ushwabana	awushwabani	ongashwabani	ungashwabani
1st plural	siyashwabana, sishwabana	esishwabanayo, esishwabana	sishwabana	asishwabani	esingashwabani	singashwabani
2nd plural	niyashwabana, nishwabana	enishwabanayo, enishwabana	nishwabana	anishwabani	eningashwabani	ningashwabani
Class 1	uyashwabana, ushwabana	oshwabanayo, oshwabana	eshwabana	akashwabani	ongashwabani	engashwabani
Class 2	bayashwabana, bashwabana	abashwabanayo, abashwabana	beshwabana	abashwabani	abangashwabani	bengashwabani
Class 3	uyashwabana, ushwabana	oshwabanayo, oshwabana	ushwabana	awushwabani	ongashwabani	ungashwabani
Class 4	iyashwabana, ishwabana	eshwabanayo, eshwabana	ishwabana	ayishwabani	engashwabani	ingashwabani
Class 5	liyashwabana, lishwabana	elishwabanayo, elishwabana	lishwabana	alishwabani	elingashwabani	lingashwabani
Class 6	ayashwabana, ashwabana	ashwabanayo, ashwabana	eshwabana	awashwabani	angashwabani	engashwabani
Class 7	siyashwabana, sishwabana	esishwabanayo, esishwabana	sishwabana	asishwabani	esingashwabani	singashwabani
Class 8	ziyashwabana, zishwabana	ezishwabanayo, ezishwabana	zishwabana	azishwabani	ezingashwabani	zingashwabani
Class 9	iyashwabana, ishwabana	eshwabanayo, eshwabana	ishwabana	ayishwabani	engashwabani	ingashwabani
Class 10	ziyashwabana, zishwabana	ezishwabanayo, ezishwabana	zishwabana	azishwabani	ezingashwabani	zingashwabani
Class 11	luyashwabana, lushwabana	olushwabanayo, olushwabana	lushwabana	alushwabani	olungashwabani	lungashwabani
Class 14	buyashwabana, bushwabana	obushwabanayo, obushwabana	bushwabana	abushwabani	obungashwabani	bungashwabani
Class 15	kuyashwabana, kushwabana	okushwabanayo, okushwabana	kushwabana	akushwabani	okungashwabani	kungashwabani
Class 17	kuyashwabana, kushwabana	okushwabanayo, okushwabana	kushwabana	akushwabani	okungashwabani	kungashwabani
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngishwabanile, ngishwabanē	engishwabanile, engishwabanē	ngishwabanile, ngishwabanē	angishwabananga	engingashwabananga	ngingashwabananga
2nd singular	ushwabanile, ushwabanē	oshwabanile, oshwabanē	ushwabanile, ushwabanē	awushwabananga	ongashwabananga	ungashwabananga
1st plural	sishwabanile, sishwabanē	esishwabanile, esishwabanē	sishwabanile, sishwabanē	asishwabananga	esingashwabananga	singashwabananga
2nd plural	nishwabanile, nishwabanē	enishwabanile, enishwabanē	nishwabanile, nishwabanē	anishwabananga	eningashwabananga	ningashwabananga
Class 1	ushwabanile, ushwabanē	oshwabanile, oshwabanē	eshwabanile, eshwabanē	akashwabananga	ongashwabananga	engashwabananga
Class 2	bashwabanile, bashwabanē	abashwabanile, abashwabanē	beshwabanile, beshwabanē	abashwabananga	abangashwabananga	bengashwabananga
Class 3	ushwabanile, ushwabanē	oshwabanile, oshwabanē	ushwabanile, ushwabanē	awushwabananga	ongashwabananga	ungashwabananga
Class 4	ishwabanile, ishwabanē	eshwabanile, eshwabanē	ishwabanile, ishwabanē	ayishwabananga	engashwabananga	ingashwabananga
Class 5	lishwabanile, lishwabanē	elishwabanile, elishwabanē	lishwabanile, lishwabanē	alishwabananga	elingashwabananga	lingashwabananga
Class 6	ashwabanile, ashwabanē	ashwabanile, ashwabanē	eshwabanile, eshwabanē	awashwabananga	angashwabananga	engashwabananga
Class 7	sishwabanile, sishwabanē	esishwabanile, esishwabanē	sishwabanile, sishwabanē	asishwabananga	esingashwabananga	singashwabananga
Class 8	zishwabanile, zishwabanē	ezishwabanile, ezishwabanē	zishwabanile, zishwabanē	azishwabananga	ezingashwabananga	zingashwabananga
Class 9	ishwabanile, ishwabanē	eshwabanile, eshwabanē	ishwabanile, ishwabanē	ayishwabananga	engashwabananga	ingashwabananga
Class 10	zishwabanile, zishwabanē	ezishwabanile, ezishwabanē	zishwabanile, zishwabanē	azishwabananga	ezingashwabananga	zingashwabananga
Class 11	lushwabanile, lushwabanē	olushwabanile, olushwabanē	lushwabanile, lushwabanē	alushwabananga	olungashwabananga	lungashwabananga
Class 14	bushwabanile, bushwabanē	obushwabanile, obushwabanē	bushwabanile, bushwabanē	abushwabananga	obungashwabananga	bungashwabananga
Class 15	kushwabanile, kushwabanē	okushwabanile, okushwabanē	kushwabanile, kushwabanē	akushwabananga	okungashwabananga	kungashwabananga
Class 17	kushwabanile, kushwabanē	okushwabanile, okushwabanē	kushwabanile, kushwabanē	akushwabananga	okungashwabananga	kungashwabananga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāshwabana	engāshwabana	ngāshwabana	angishwabananga	engingashwabananga	ngingashwabananga
2nd singular	wāshwabana	owāshwabana	wāshwabana	awushwabananga	ongashwabananga	ungashwabananga
1st plural	sāshwabana	esāshwabana	sāshwabana	asishwabananga	esingashwabananga	singashwabananga
2nd plural	nāshwabana	enāshwabana	nāshwabana	anishwabananga	eningashwabananga	ningashwabananga
Class 1	wāshwabana	owāshwabana	āshwabana	akashwabananga	ongashwabananga	engashwabananga
Class 2	bāshwabana	abāshwabana	bāshwabana	abashwabananga	abangashwabananga	bengashwabananga
Class 3	wāshwabana	owāshwabana	wāshwabana	awushwabananga	ongashwabananga	ungashwabananga
Class 4	yāshwabana	eyāshwabana	yāshwabana	ayishwabananga	engashwabananga	ingashwabananga
Class 5	lāshwabana	elāshwabana	lāshwabana	alishwabananga	elingashwabananga	lingashwabananga
Class 6	āshwabana	āshwabana	āshwabana	awashwabananga	angashwabananga	engashwabananga
Class 7	sāshwabana	esāshwabana	sāshwabana	asishwabananga	esingashwabananga	singashwabananga
Class 8	zāshwabana	ezāshwabana	zāshwabana	azishwabananga	ezingashwabananga	zingashwabananga
Class 9	yāshwabana	eyāshwabana	yāshwabana	ayishwabananga	engashwabananga	ingashwabananga
Class 10	zāshwabana	ezāshwabana	zāshwabana	azishwabananga	ezingashwabananga	zingashwabananga
Class 11	lwāshwabana	olwāshwabana	lwāshwabana	alushwabananga	olungashwabananga	lungashwabananga
Class 14	bāshwabana	obāshwabana	bāshwabana	abushwabananga	obungashwabananga	bungashwabananga
Class 15	kwāshwabana	okwāshwabana	kwāshwabana	akushwabananga	okungashwabananga	kungashwabananga
Class 17	kwāshwabana	okwāshwabana	kwāshwabana	akushwabananga	okungashwabananga	kungashwabananga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingashwabana	—	ngingashwabana	ngingeshwabane	—	ngingeshwabane
2nd singular	ungashwabana	—	ungashwabana	ungeshwabane	—	ungeshwabane
1st plural	singashwabana	—	singashwabana	singeshwabane	—	singeshwabane
2nd plural	ningashwabana	—	ningashwabana	ningeshwabane	—	ningeshwabane
Class 1	angashwabana	—	engashwabana	angeshwabane	—	engeshwabane
Class 2	bangashwabana	—	bengashwabana	bangeshwabane	—	bengeshwabane
Class 3	ungashwabana	—	ungashwabana	ungeshwabane	—	ungeshwabane
Class 4	ingashwabana	—	ingashwabana	ingeshwabane	—	ingeshwabane
Class 5	lingashwabana	—	lingashwabana	lingeshwabane	—	lingeshwabane
Class 6	angashwabana	—	engashwabana	angeshwabane	—	engeshwabane
Class 7	singashwabana	—	singashwabana	singeshwabane	—	singeshwabane
Class 8	zingashwabana	—	zingashwabana	zingeshwabane	—	zingeshwabane
Class 9	ingashwabana	—	ingashwabana	ingeshwabane	—	ingeshwabane
Class 10	zingashwabana	—	zingashwabana	zingeshwabane	—	zingeshwabane
Class 11	lungashwabana	—	lungashwabana	lungeshwabane	—	lungeshwabane
Class 14	bungashwabana	—	bungashwabana	bungeshwabane	—	bungeshwabane
Class 15	kungashwabana	—	kungashwabana	kungeshwabane	—	kungeshwabane
Class 17	kungashwabana	—	kungashwabana	kungeshwabane	—	kungeshwabane
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoshwabana	engizoshwabana	ngizoshwabana	angizushwabana	engingezushwabana	ngingezushwabana
2nd singular	uzoshwabana	ozoshwabana	uzoshwabana	awuzushwabana	ongezushwabana	ungezushwabana
1st plural	sizoshwabana	esizoshwabana	sizoshwabana	asizushwabana	esingezushwabana	singezushwabana
2nd plural	nizoshwabana	enizoshwabana	nizoshwabana	anizushwabana	eningezushwabana	ningezushwabana
Class 1	uzoshwabana	ozoshwabana	ezoshwabana	akazushwabana	ongezushwabana	engezushwabana
Class 2	bazoshwabana	abazoshwabana	bezoshwabana	abazushwabana	abangezushwabana	bengezushwabana
Class 3	uzoshwabana	ozoshwabana	uzoshwabana	awuzushwabana	ongezushwabana	ungezushwabana
Class 4	izoshwabana	ezoshwabana	izoshwabana	ayizushwabana	engezushwabana	ingezushwabana
Class 5	lizoshwabana	elizoshwabana	lizoshwabana	alizushwabana	elingezushwabana	lingezushwabana
Class 6	azoshwabana	azoshwabana	ezoshwabana	awazushwabana	angezushwabana	engezushwabana
Class 7	sizoshwabana	esizoshwabana	sizoshwabana	asizushwabana	esingezushwabana	singezushwabana
Class 8	zizoshwabana	ezizoshwabana	zizoshwabana	azizushwabana	ezingezushwabana	zingezushwabana
Class 9	izoshwabana	ezoshwabana	izoshwabana	ayizushwabana	engezushwabana	ingezushwabana
Class 10	zizoshwabana	ezizoshwabana	zizoshwabana	azizushwabana	ezingezushwabana	zingezushwabana
Class 11	luzoshwabana	oluzoshwabana	luzoshwabana	aluzushwabana	olungezushwabana	lungezushwabana
Class 14	buzoshwabana	obuzoshwabana	buzoshwabana	abuzushwabana	obungezushwabana	bungezushwabana
Class 15	kuzoshwabana	okuzoshwabana	kuzoshwabana	akuzushwabana	okungezushwabana	kungezushwabana
Class 17	kuzoshwabana	okuzoshwabana	kuzoshwabana	akuzushwabana	okungezushwabana	kungezushwabana
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoshwabana	engiyoshwabana	ngiyoshwabana	angiyushwabana	engingeyushwabana	ngingeyushwabana
2nd singular	uyoshwabana	oyoshwabana	uyoshwabana	awuyushwabana	ongeyushwabana	ungeyushwabana
1st plural	siyoshwabana	esiyoshwabana	siyoshwabana	asiyushwabana	esingeyushwabana	singeyushwabana
2nd plural	niyoshwabana	eniyoshwabana	niyoshwabana	aniyushwabana	eningeyushwabana	ningeyushwabana
Class 1	uyoshwabana	oyoshwabana	eyoshwabana	akayushwabana	ongeyushwabana	engeyushwabana
Class 2	bayoshwabana	abayoshwabana	beyoshwabana	abayushwabana	abangeyushwabana	bengeyushwabana
Class 3	uyoshwabana	oyoshwabana	uyoshwabana	awuyushwabana	ongeyushwabana	ungeyushwabana
Class 4	iyoshwabana	eyoshwabana	iyoshwabana	ayiyushwabana	engeyushwabana	ingeyushwabana
Class 5	liyoshwabana	eliyoshwabana	liyoshwabana	aliyushwabana	elingeyushwabana	lingeyushwabana
Class 6	ayoshwabana	ayoshwabana	eyoshwabana	awayushwabana	angeyushwabana	engeyushwabana
Class 7	siyoshwabana	esiyoshwabana	siyoshwabana	asiyushwabana	esingeyushwabana	singeyushwabana
Class 8	ziyoshwabana	eziyoshwabana	ziyoshwabana	aziyushwabana	ezingeyushwabana	zingeyushwabana
Class 9	iyoshwabana	eyoshwabana	iyoshwabana	ayiyushwabana	engeyushwabana	ingeyushwabana
Class 10	ziyoshwabana	eziyoshwabana	ziyoshwabana	aziyushwabana	ezingeyushwabana	zingeyushwabana
Class 11	luyoshwabana	oluyoshwabana	luyoshwabana	aluyushwabana	olungeyushwabana	lungeyushwabana
Class 14	buyoshwabana	obuyoshwabana	buyoshwabana	abuyushwabana	obungeyushwabana	bungeyushwabana
Class 15	kuyoshwabana	okuyoshwabana	kuyoshwabana	akuyushwabana	okungeyushwabana	kungeyushwabana
Class 17	kuyoshwabana	okuyoshwabana	kuyoshwabana	akuyushwabana	okungeyushwabana	kungeyushwabana
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngishwabane	ngingashwabani
2nd singular	ushwabane	ungashwabani
1st plural	sishwabane	singashwabani
2nd plural	nishwabane	ningashwabani
Class 1	ashwabane	angashwabani
Class 2	bashwabane	bangashwabani
Class 3	ushwabane	ungashwabani
Class 4	ishwabane	ingashwabani
Class 5	lishwabane	lingashwabani
Class 6	ashwabane	angashwabani
Class 7	sishwabane	singashwabani
Class 8	zishwabane	zingashwabani
Class 9	ishwabane	ingashwabani
Class 10	zishwabane	zingashwabani
Class 11	lushwabane	lungashwabani
Class 14	bushwabane	bungashwabani
Class 15	kushwabane	kungashwabani
Class 17	kushwabane	kungashwabani
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngashwabana	ngangashwabana, angashwabana, angangashwabana
2nd singular	washwabana	wangashwabana, awashwabana, awangashwabana
1st plural	sashwabana	sangashwabana, asashwabana, asangashwabana
2nd plural	nashwabana	nangashwabana, anashwabana, anangashwabana
Class 1	washwabana	wangashwabana, akashwabana, akangashwabana
Class 2	bashwabana	bangashwabana, abashwabana, abangashwabana
Class 3	washwabana	wangashwabana, awashwabana, awangashwabana
Class 4	yashwabana	yangashwabana, ayashwabana, ayangashwabana
Class 5	lashwabana	langashwabana, alashwabana, alangashwabana
Class 6	ashwabana	angashwabana, awashwabana, awangashwabana
Class 7	sashwabana	sangashwabana, asashwabana, asangashwabana
Class 8	zashwabana	zangashwabana, azashwabana, azangashwabana
Class 9	yashwabana	yangashwabana, ayashwabana, ayangashwabana
Class 10	zashwabana	zangashwabana, azashwabana, azangashwabana
Class 11	lwashwabana	lwangashwabana, alwashwabana, alwangashwabana
Class 14	bashwabana	bangashwabana, abashwabana, abangashwabana
Class 15	kwashwabana	kwangashwabana, akwashwabana, akwangashwabana
Class 17	kwashwabana	kwangashwabana, akwashwabana, akwangashwabana

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shwaɓana”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shwaɓana (3.2.9)”