skulu

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Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse skulu, skolu, from Proto-Germanic *skulaną.

Pronunciation

Verb

skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)

  1. shall, must
    • Luke 6:29 (English, Icelandic)
      Slái þig einhver á kinnina, skaltu og bjóða hina, og taki einhver yfirhöfn þína, skaltu ekki varna honum að taka kyrtilinn líka.
      If someone strikes you on one cheek, turn to him the other also. If someone takes your cloak, do not stop him from taking your tunic.
    • Einar Benediktsson
      Aðgát skal höfð í nærveru sálar.
      Exercise caution in the presence of a soul.
    Þú skalt ekki taka bílinn minn!
    You shall not take my car!
    Þú skalt ekki morð fremja.
    Thou shalt not kill.
  2. to need
  3. (an emphatic verb) to will!
    Þú skalt sjá!
    You will see!
  4. to will
    Ég skal svara símanum.
    I'll pick up the phone.
  5. (encouragement) let us, shall
    Við skulum fara í bíó.
    Let's go to the movies.

Synonyms

Derived terms

Old Norse

Alternative forms

Etymology

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(deprecated template usage)

From Proto-Germanic *skulaną, from Proto-Indo-European *skel- (“to be obligated, owe, be guilty”). Cognate to Old English sculan (“to be obligated or obliged to, shall, must, owe, ought to”) (English shall).

Verb

skulu (first person singular present indicative skal, first person plural past subjunctive skyldi)

  1. shall, must

Conjugation

Conjugation of skulu (preterite-present)
infinitive skulu
present participle skulandi
past participle –
indicative present past
1st-person singular skal skylda
2nd-person singular skalt skyldir
3rd-person singular skal skyldi
1st-person plural skulum skyldum
2nd-person plural skuluð skylduð
3rd-person plural skulu skyldu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular skula skylda
2nd-person singular skulir skyldir
3rd-person singular skuli skyldi
1st-person plural skulim skyldim
2nd-person plural skulið skyldið
3rd-person plural skuli skyldi
imperative present
2nd-person singular skul
1st-person plural skulum
2nd-person plural skuluð

Descendants

  • Icelandic: skulu
  • Faroese: skula
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: skulla, skulle
  • Norwegian Bokmål: skulle
  • Old Swedish: skula, skola, skulu
  • Danish: skulle
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References

  • “skulu”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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