sumach

See also: Sumach

English

Noun

sumach (plural sumachs or sumaches)

1. Alternative spelling of sumac
   • 1693 January, Leonardi Plukenetii [i.e., Leonard Plukenet], “PHYTOGRAPHIA seu Plantæ quamplurimæ novæ & Literis huc usque incognitæ variis & remotissimis Provinciis ipsisq; Indiis allatæ Nomine & Iconibus. […]”, in Philosophical Transactions. Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume VI, number 196, London: Printed for T. Woodward, […] and C. Davis […] printers to the Royal Society, →OCLC, page 621:

     The Rhamnus of Maderaspatan, and the Trifoliate Sumachs from the Coaſt of Africa, are altogether new.

   • 1733–1740, Philip Miller, “RHUS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volumes (please specify |volume=I or II), London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], column 2:

     RHUS, [...] The Sumach Tree. [...] The Species are; 1. Rhus; Virginianum. C.B.P. Virginian Sumach, by ſome falſely called The Stag's-horn-tree.

   • 1757, Philip Miller, “June”, in The Gardeners Kalendar; Directing what Works are Necessary to be Done Every Month in the Kitchen, Fruit, and Pleasure-gardens, as also the Conservatory and Nursery. […], 11th edition, London: Printed by Charles Rivington, for John Rivington, […]; and James Rivington and James Fletcher, […], →OCLC, page 185:

     Plant cutings of Myrtles in a bed of light rich earth, obſerving to water and ſhade them until they have taken root; and now you may plant cutings of [...] African Sumaches, and many other exotic plants, which are ſhrubby; [...]

   • 1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “Sounds”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 139:

     A young forest growing up under your windows, and wild sumachs and blackberry vines breaking through into your cellar; sturdy pitch-pines rubbing and creaking against the shingles for want of room, their roots reaching quite under the house.

   • 1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXIX, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 222:

     They plunged into the narrow path between the tall sumach bushes, and were at once hidden in the gloom.

Verb

1. Obsolete spelling of sumac.
   • 1792, [Charles O’Brien], “Of Cleansing Goods, Previous to Maddering, or Boiling Off”, in A Treatise on Calico Printing, Theoretical and Practical: […], volume I, [London]: Printed for C. O’Brien, […] and sold by Bew, […], Richardson, […], Murray, […], →OCLC:

     After this operation, the goods muſt be winched and well planked, or otherwiſe cleaned; they are then, according to the quality of them, to be ſumached, and then ſnitchelled off, and waſhed.

   • 1853, David Smith, “Cotton-dyeing. [No. 39. Various Shades of Silver Drab.]”, in The Dyer’s Instructor: Comprising Practical Instructions in the Art of Dyeing Silk, Cotton, Wool, and Worsted and Woollen Goods, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird, […], →OCLC, page 70:

     A great variety of Blue Drabs can be dyed by first Sumaching the cotton, and then in another tub add a little Nitrate of Iron or Copperas liquor, and give a few turns.

   • 1877, “Calico Printing and Dyeing”, in Charles O’Neill, editor, The Textile Colourist: A Monthly Journal of Bleaching, Printing, Dyeing, and Finishing Textile Fabrics, and the Manufacture and Application of Colouring Matters, volume IV, Manchester: Palmer and Howe, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. […], page 253:

     Common black calico for linings is dyed upon an iron mordant alone, but generally a better colour is obtained by first sumaching the cotton according to the older method.

Anagrams

• Muchas, as much, cushma, much as, shumac

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Irish

Etymology 1

From Medieval Latin sumach, from Arabic سُمَّاق (summāq), from Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqāʾ, “red; sumac”).

Noun

sumach m (genitive singular sumaigh)

1. sumac(h)

Declension

Declension of sumach

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative sumach sumaigh Vocative a shumaigh a shumacha Genitive sumaigh sumach Dative sumach sumaigh

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an sumach na sumaigh Genitive an tsumaigh na sumach Dative leis an sumach don sumach leis na sumaigh

Etymology 2

Noun

sumach m (genitive singular sumaigh, nominative plural sumaigh)

1. Alternative form of somach (“plump youngster”)

Declension

Declension of sumach

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative sumach sumaigh Vocative a shumaigh a shumacha Genitive sumaigh sumach Dative sumach sumaigh

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an sumach na sumaigh Genitive an tsumaigh na sumach Dative leis an sumach don sumach leis na sumaigh

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
sumach	shumach after an, tsumach	not applicable
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sumach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sumach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

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Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈsu.max/

Noun

sumach m

1. locative plural of sum

Noun

sumach f

1. locative plural of suma