swaca

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /swaːǀa/

Verb

-swaca

1. (intransitive) to frown

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuswaca
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuswaca	ukungaswaci
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	swaca	-swace
Plural	swacani	-swaceni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaswaca, ngiswaca	engiswacayo, engiswaca	ngiswaca	angiswaci	engingaswaci	ngingaswaci
2nd singular	uyaswaca, uswaca	oswacayo, oswaca	uswaca	awuswaci	ongaswaci	ungaswaci
1st plural	siyaswaca, siswaca	esiswacayo, esiswaca	siswaca	asiswaci	esingaswaci	singaswaci
2nd plural	niyaswaca, niswaca	eniswacayo, eniswaca	niswaca	aniswaci	eningaswaci	ningaswaci
Class 1	uyaswaca, uswaca	oswacayo, oswaca	eswaca	akaswaci	ongaswaci	engaswaci
Class 2	bayaswaca, baswaca	abaswacayo, abaswaca	beswaca	abaswaci	abangaswaci	bengaswaci
Class 3	uyaswaca, uswaca	oswacayo, oswaca	uswaca	awuswaci	ongaswaci	ungaswaci
Class 4	iyaswaca, iswaca	eswacayo, eswaca	iswaca	ayiswaci	engaswaci	ingaswaci
Class 5	liyaswaca, liswaca	eliswacayo, eliswaca	liswaca	aliswaci	elingaswaci	lingaswaci
Class 6	ayaswaca, aswaca	aswacayo, aswaca	eswaca	awaswaci	angaswaci	engaswaci
Class 7	siyaswaca, siswaca	esiswacayo, esiswaca	siswaca	asiswaci	esingaswaci	singaswaci
Class 8	ziyaswaca, ziswaca	eziswacayo, eziswaca	ziswaca	aziswaci	ezingaswaci	zingaswaci
Class 9	iyaswaca, iswaca	eswacayo, eswaca	iswaca	ayiswaci	engaswaci	ingaswaci
Class 10	ziyaswaca, ziswaca	eziswacayo, eziswaca	ziswaca	aziswaci	ezingaswaci	zingaswaci
Class 11	luyaswaca, luswaca	oluswacayo, oluswaca	luswaca	aluswaci	olungaswaci	lungaswaci
Class 14	buyaswaca, buswaca	obuswacayo, obuswaca	buswaca	abuswaci	obungaswaci	bungaswaci
Class 15	kuyaswaca, kuswaca	okuswacayo, okuswaca	kuswaca	akuswaci	okungaswaci	kungaswaci
Class 17	kuyaswaca, kuswaca	okuswacayo, okuswaca	kuswaca	akuswaci	okungaswaci	kungaswaci
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiswacile, ngiswacē	engiswacile, engiswacē	ngiswacile, ngiswacē	angiswacanga	engingaswacanga	ngingaswacanga
2nd singular	uswacile, uswacē	oswacile, oswacē	uswacile, uswacē	awuswacanga	ongaswacanga	ungaswacanga
1st plural	siswacile, siswacē	esiswacile, esiswacē	siswacile, siswacē	asiswacanga	esingaswacanga	singaswacanga
2nd plural	niswacile, niswacē	eniswacile, eniswacē	niswacile, niswacē	aniswacanga	eningaswacanga	ningaswacanga
Class 1	uswacile, uswacē	oswacile, oswacē	eswacile, eswacē	akaswacanga	ongaswacanga	engaswacanga
Class 2	baswacile, baswacē	abaswacile, abaswacē	beswacile, beswacē	abaswacanga	abangaswacanga	bengaswacanga
Class 3	uswacile, uswacē	oswacile, oswacē	uswacile, uswacē	awuswacanga	ongaswacanga	ungaswacanga
Class 4	iswacile, iswacē	eswacile, eswacē	iswacile, iswacē	ayiswacanga	engaswacanga	ingaswacanga
Class 5	liswacile, liswacē	eliswacile, eliswacē	liswacile, liswacē	aliswacanga	elingaswacanga	lingaswacanga
Class 6	aswacile, aswacē	aswacile, aswacē	eswacile, eswacē	awaswacanga	angaswacanga	engaswacanga
Class 7	siswacile, siswacē	esiswacile, esiswacē	siswacile, siswacē	asiswacanga	esingaswacanga	singaswacanga
Class 8	ziswacile, ziswacē	eziswacile, eziswacē	ziswacile, ziswacē	aziswacanga	ezingaswacanga	zingaswacanga
Class 9	iswacile, iswacē	eswacile, eswacē	iswacile, iswacē	ayiswacanga	engaswacanga	ingaswacanga
Class 10	ziswacile, ziswacē	eziswacile, eziswacē	ziswacile, ziswacē	aziswacanga	ezingaswacanga	zingaswacanga
Class 11	luswacile, luswacē	oluswacile, oluswacē	luswacile, luswacē	aluswacanga	olungaswacanga	lungaswacanga
Class 14	buswacile, buswacē	obuswacile, obuswacē	buswacile, buswacē	abuswacanga	obungaswacanga	bungaswacanga
Class 15	kuswacile, kuswacē	okuswacile, okuswacē	kuswacile, kuswacē	akuswacanga	okungaswacanga	kungaswacanga
Class 17	kuswacile, kuswacē	okuswacile, okuswacē	kuswacile, kuswacē	akuswacanga	okungaswacanga	kungaswacanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāswaca	engāswaca	ngāswaca	angiswacanga	engingaswacanga	ngingaswacanga
2nd singular	wāswaca	owāswaca	wāswaca	awuswacanga	ongaswacanga	ungaswacanga
1st plural	sāswaca	esāswaca	sāswaca	asiswacanga	esingaswacanga	singaswacanga
2nd plural	nāswaca	enāswaca	nāswaca	aniswacanga	eningaswacanga	ningaswacanga
Class 1	wāswaca	owāswaca	āswaca	akaswacanga	ongaswacanga	engaswacanga
Class 2	bāswaca	abāswaca	bāswaca	abaswacanga	abangaswacanga	bengaswacanga
Class 3	wāswaca	owāswaca	wāswaca	awuswacanga	ongaswacanga	ungaswacanga
Class 4	yāswaca	eyāswaca	yāswaca	ayiswacanga	engaswacanga	ingaswacanga
Class 5	lāswaca	elāswaca	lāswaca	aliswacanga	elingaswacanga	lingaswacanga
Class 6	āswaca	āswaca	āswaca	awaswacanga	angaswacanga	engaswacanga
Class 7	sāswaca	esāswaca	sāswaca	asiswacanga	esingaswacanga	singaswacanga
Class 8	zāswaca	ezāswaca	zāswaca	aziswacanga	ezingaswacanga	zingaswacanga
Class 9	yāswaca	eyāswaca	yāswaca	ayiswacanga	engaswacanga	ingaswacanga
Class 10	zāswaca	ezāswaca	zāswaca	aziswacanga	ezingaswacanga	zingaswacanga
Class 11	lwāswaca	olwāswaca	lwāswaca	aluswacanga	olungaswacanga	lungaswacanga
Class 14	bāswaca	obāswaca	bāswaca	abuswacanga	obungaswacanga	bungaswacanga
Class 15	kwāswaca	okwāswaca	kwāswaca	akuswacanga	okungaswacanga	kungaswacanga
Class 17	kwāswaca	okwāswaca	kwāswaca	akuswacanga	okungaswacanga	kungaswacanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaswaca	—	ngingaswaca	ngingeswace	—	ngingeswace
2nd singular	ungaswaca	—	ungaswaca	ungeswace	—	ungeswace
1st plural	singaswaca	—	singaswaca	singeswace	—	singeswace
2nd plural	ningaswaca	—	ningaswaca	ningeswace	—	ningeswace
Class 1	angaswaca	—	engaswaca	angeswace	—	engeswace
Class 2	bangaswaca	—	bengaswaca	bangeswace	—	bengeswace
Class 3	ungaswaca	—	ungaswaca	ungeswace	—	ungeswace
Class 4	ingaswaca	—	ingaswaca	ingeswace	—	ingeswace
Class 5	lingaswaca	—	lingaswaca	lingeswace	—	lingeswace
Class 6	angaswaca	—	engaswaca	angeswace	—	engeswace
Class 7	singaswaca	—	singaswaca	singeswace	—	singeswace
Class 8	zingaswaca	—	zingaswaca	zingeswace	—	zingeswace
Class 9	ingaswaca	—	ingaswaca	ingeswace	—	ingeswace
Class 10	zingaswaca	—	zingaswaca	zingeswace	—	zingeswace
Class 11	lungaswaca	—	lungaswaca	lungeswace	—	lungeswace
Class 14	bungaswaca	—	bungaswaca	bungeswace	—	bungeswace
Class 15	kungaswaca	—	kungaswaca	kungeswace	—	kungeswace
Class 17	kungaswaca	—	kungaswaca	kungeswace	—	kungeswace
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoswaca	engizoswaca	ngizoswaca	angizuswaca	engingezuswaca	ngingezuswaca
2nd singular	uzoswaca	ozoswaca	uzoswaca	awuzuswaca	ongezuswaca	ungezuswaca
1st plural	sizoswaca	esizoswaca	sizoswaca	asizuswaca	esingezuswaca	singezuswaca
2nd plural	nizoswaca	enizoswaca	nizoswaca	anizuswaca	eningezuswaca	ningezuswaca
Class 1	uzoswaca	ozoswaca	ezoswaca	akazuswaca	ongezuswaca	engezuswaca
Class 2	bazoswaca	abazoswaca	bezoswaca	abazuswaca	abangezuswaca	bengezuswaca
Class 3	uzoswaca	ozoswaca	uzoswaca	awuzuswaca	ongezuswaca	ungezuswaca
Class 4	izoswaca	ezoswaca	izoswaca	ayizuswaca	engezuswaca	ingezuswaca
Class 5	lizoswaca	elizoswaca	lizoswaca	alizuswaca	elingezuswaca	lingezuswaca
Class 6	azoswaca	azoswaca	ezoswaca	awazuswaca	angezuswaca	engezuswaca
Class 7	sizoswaca	esizoswaca	sizoswaca	asizuswaca	esingezuswaca	singezuswaca
Class 8	zizoswaca	ezizoswaca	zizoswaca	azizuswaca	ezingezuswaca	zingezuswaca
Class 9	izoswaca	ezoswaca	izoswaca	ayizuswaca	engezuswaca	ingezuswaca
Class 10	zizoswaca	ezizoswaca	zizoswaca	azizuswaca	ezingezuswaca	zingezuswaca
Class 11	luzoswaca	oluzoswaca	luzoswaca	aluzuswaca	olungezuswaca	lungezuswaca
Class 14	buzoswaca	obuzoswaca	buzoswaca	abuzuswaca	obungezuswaca	bungezuswaca
Class 15	kuzoswaca	okuzoswaca	kuzoswaca	akuzuswaca	okungezuswaca	kungezuswaca
Class 17	kuzoswaca	okuzoswaca	kuzoswaca	akuzuswaca	okungezuswaca	kungezuswaca
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoswaca	engiyoswaca	ngiyoswaca	angiyuswaca	engingeyuswaca	ngingeyuswaca
2nd singular	uyoswaca	oyoswaca	uyoswaca	awuyuswaca	ongeyuswaca	ungeyuswaca
1st plural	siyoswaca	esiyoswaca	siyoswaca	asiyuswaca	esingeyuswaca	singeyuswaca
2nd plural	niyoswaca	eniyoswaca	niyoswaca	aniyuswaca	eningeyuswaca	ningeyuswaca
Class 1	uyoswaca	oyoswaca	eyoswaca	akayuswaca	ongeyuswaca	engeyuswaca
Class 2	bayoswaca	abayoswaca	beyoswaca	abayuswaca	abangeyuswaca	bengeyuswaca
Class 3	uyoswaca	oyoswaca	uyoswaca	awuyuswaca	ongeyuswaca	ungeyuswaca
Class 4	iyoswaca	eyoswaca	iyoswaca	ayiyuswaca	engeyuswaca	ingeyuswaca
Class 5	liyoswaca	eliyoswaca	liyoswaca	aliyuswaca	elingeyuswaca	lingeyuswaca
Class 6	ayoswaca	ayoswaca	eyoswaca	awayuswaca	angeyuswaca	engeyuswaca
Class 7	siyoswaca	esiyoswaca	siyoswaca	asiyuswaca	esingeyuswaca	singeyuswaca
Class 8	ziyoswaca	eziyoswaca	ziyoswaca	aziyuswaca	ezingeyuswaca	zingeyuswaca
Class 9	iyoswaca	eyoswaca	iyoswaca	ayiyuswaca	engeyuswaca	ingeyuswaca
Class 10	ziyoswaca	eziyoswaca	ziyoswaca	aziyuswaca	ezingeyuswaca	zingeyuswaca
Class 11	luyoswaca	oluyoswaca	luyoswaca	aluyuswaca	olungeyuswaca	lungeyuswaca
Class 14	buyoswaca	obuyoswaca	buyoswaca	abuyuswaca	obungeyuswaca	bungeyuswaca
Class 15	kuyoswaca	okuyoswaca	kuyoswaca	akuyuswaca	okungeyuswaca	kungeyuswaca
Class 17	kuyoswaca	okuyoswaca	kuyoswaca	akuyuswaca	okungeyuswaca	kungeyuswaca
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiswace	ngingaswaci
2nd singular	uswace	ungaswaci
1st plural	siswace	singaswaci
2nd plural	niswace	ningaswaci
Class 1	aswace	angaswaci
Class 2	baswace	bangaswaci
Class 3	uswace	ungaswaci
Class 4	iswace	ingaswaci
Class 5	liswace	lingaswaci
Class 6	aswace	angaswaci
Class 7	siswace	singaswaci
Class 8	ziswace	zingaswaci
Class 9	iswace	ingaswaci
Class 10	ziswace	zingaswaci
Class 11	luswace	lungaswaci
Class 14	buswace	bungaswaci
Class 15	kuswace	kungaswaci
Class 17	kuswace	kungaswaci
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaswaca	ngangaswaca, angaswaca, angangaswaca
2nd singular	waswaca	wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca
1st plural	saswaca	sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca
2nd plural	naswaca	nangaswaca, anaswaca, anangaswaca
Class 1	waswaca	wangaswaca, akaswaca, akangaswaca
Class 2	baswaca	bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca
Class 3	waswaca	wangaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca
Class 4	yaswaca	yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca
Class 5	laswaca	langaswaca, alaswaca, alangaswaca
Class 6	aswaca	angaswaca, awaswaca, awangaswaca
Class 7	saswaca	sangaswaca, asaswaca, asangaswaca
Class 8	zaswaca	zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca
Class 9	yaswaca	yangaswaca, ayaswaca, ayangaswaca
Class 10	zaswaca	zangaswaca, azaswaca, azangaswaca
Class 11	lwaswaca	lwangaswaca, alwaswaca, alwangaswaca
Class 14	baswaca	bangaswaca, abaswaca, abangaswaca
Class 15	kwaswaca	kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca
Class 17	kwaswaca	kwangaswaca, akwaswaca, akwangaswaca

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swaca”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swaca (6.3)”