swakama

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /swaɠáːma/

Verb

-swakáma

1. (intransitive) to become damp, to become moist

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukuswakama
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuswakama	ukungaswakami
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	swakama	-swakame
Plural	swakamani	-swakameni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaswakama, ngiswakama	engiswakamayo, engiswakama	ngiswakama	angiswakami	engingaswakami	ngingaswakami
2nd singular	uyaswakama, uswakama	oswakamayo, oswakama	uswakama	awuswakami	ongaswakami	ungaswakami
1st plural	siyaswakama, siswakama	esiswakamayo, esiswakama	siswakama	asiswakami	esingaswakami	singaswakami
2nd plural	niyaswakama, niswakama	eniswakamayo, eniswakama	niswakama	aniswakami	eningaswakami	ningaswakami
Class 1	uyaswakama, uswakama	oswakamayo, oswakama	eswakama	akaswakami	ongaswakami	engaswakami
Class 2	bayaswakama, baswakama	abaswakamayo, abaswakama	beswakama	abaswakami	abangaswakami	bengaswakami
Class 3	uyaswakama, uswakama	oswakamayo, oswakama	uswakama	awuswakami	ongaswakami	ungaswakami
Class 4	iyaswakama, iswakama	eswakamayo, eswakama	iswakama	ayiswakami	engaswakami	ingaswakami
Class 5	liyaswakama, liswakama	eliswakamayo, eliswakama	liswakama	aliswakami	elingaswakami	lingaswakami
Class 6	ayaswakama, aswakama	aswakamayo, aswakama	eswakama	awaswakami	angaswakami	engaswakami
Class 7	siyaswakama, siswakama	esiswakamayo, esiswakama	siswakama	asiswakami	esingaswakami	singaswakami
Class 8	ziyaswakama, ziswakama	eziswakamayo, eziswakama	ziswakama	aziswakami	ezingaswakami	zingaswakami
Class 9	iyaswakama, iswakama	eswakamayo, eswakama	iswakama	ayiswakami	engaswakami	ingaswakami
Class 10	ziyaswakama, ziswakama	eziswakamayo, eziswakama	ziswakama	aziswakami	ezingaswakami	zingaswakami
Class 11	luyaswakama, luswakama	oluswakamayo, oluswakama	luswakama	aluswakami	olungaswakami	lungaswakami
Class 14	buyaswakama, buswakama	obuswakamayo, obuswakama	buswakama	abuswakami	obungaswakami	bungaswakami
Class 15	kuyaswakama, kuswakama	okuswakamayo, okuswakama	kuswakama	akuswakami	okungaswakami	kungaswakami
Class 17	kuyaswakama, kuswakama	okuswakamayo, okuswakama	kuswakama	akuswakami	okungaswakami	kungaswakami
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē	engiswakamile, engiswakamē	ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē	angiswakamanga	engingaswakamanga	ngingaswakamanga
2nd singular	uswakamile, uswakamē	oswakamile, oswakamē	uswakamile, uswakamē	awuswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	ungaswakamanga
1st plural	siswakamile, siswakamē	esiswakamile, esiswakamē	siswakamile, siswakamē	asiswakamanga	esingaswakamanga	singaswakamanga
2nd plural	niswakamile, niswakamē	eniswakamile, eniswakamē	niswakamile, niswakamē	aniswakamanga	eningaswakamanga	ningaswakamanga
Class 1	uswakamile, uswakamē	oswakamile, oswakamē	eswakamile, eswakamē	akaswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	engaswakamanga
Class 2	baswakamile, baswakamē	abaswakamile, abaswakamē	beswakamile, beswakamē	abaswakamanga	abangaswakamanga	bengaswakamanga
Class 3	uswakamile, uswakamē	oswakamile, oswakamē	uswakamile, uswakamē	awuswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	ungaswakamanga
Class 4	iswakamile, iswakamē	eswakamile, eswakamē	iswakamile, iswakamē	ayiswakamanga	engaswakamanga	ingaswakamanga
Class 5	liswakamile, liswakamē	eliswakamile, eliswakamē	liswakamile, liswakamē	aliswakamanga	elingaswakamanga	lingaswakamanga
Class 6	aswakamile, aswakamē	aswakamile, aswakamē	eswakamile, eswakamē	awaswakamanga	angaswakamanga	engaswakamanga
Class 7	siswakamile, siswakamē	esiswakamile, esiswakamē	siswakamile, siswakamē	asiswakamanga	esingaswakamanga	singaswakamanga
Class 8	ziswakamile, ziswakamē	eziswakamile, eziswakamē	ziswakamile, ziswakamē	aziswakamanga	ezingaswakamanga	zingaswakamanga
Class 9	iswakamile, iswakamē	eswakamile, eswakamē	iswakamile, iswakamē	ayiswakamanga	engaswakamanga	ingaswakamanga
Class 10	ziswakamile, ziswakamē	eziswakamile, eziswakamē	ziswakamile, ziswakamē	aziswakamanga	ezingaswakamanga	zingaswakamanga
Class 11	luswakamile, luswakamē	oluswakamile, oluswakamē	luswakamile, luswakamē	aluswakamanga	olungaswakamanga	lungaswakamanga
Class 14	buswakamile, buswakamē	obuswakamile, obuswakamē	buswakamile, buswakamē	abuswakamanga	obungaswakamanga	bungaswakamanga
Class 15	kuswakamile, kuswakamē	okuswakamile, okuswakamē	kuswakamile, kuswakamē	akuswakamanga	okungaswakamanga	kungaswakamanga
Class 17	kuswakamile, kuswakamē	okuswakamile, okuswakamē	kuswakamile, kuswakamē	akuswakamanga	okungaswakamanga	kungaswakamanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāswakama	engāswakama	ngāswakama	angiswakamanga	engingaswakamanga	ngingaswakamanga
2nd singular	wāswakama	owāswakama	wāswakama	awuswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	ungaswakamanga
1st plural	sāswakama	esāswakama	sāswakama	asiswakamanga	esingaswakamanga	singaswakamanga
2nd plural	nāswakama	enāswakama	nāswakama	aniswakamanga	eningaswakamanga	ningaswakamanga
Class 1	wāswakama	owāswakama	āswakama	akaswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	engaswakamanga
Class 2	bāswakama	abāswakama	bāswakama	abaswakamanga	abangaswakamanga	bengaswakamanga
Class 3	wāswakama	owāswakama	wāswakama	awuswakamanga	ongaswakamanga	ungaswakamanga
Class 4	yāswakama	eyāswakama	yāswakama	ayiswakamanga	engaswakamanga	ingaswakamanga
Class 5	lāswakama	elāswakama	lāswakama	aliswakamanga	elingaswakamanga	lingaswakamanga
Class 6	āswakama	āswakama	āswakama	awaswakamanga	angaswakamanga	engaswakamanga
Class 7	sāswakama	esāswakama	sāswakama	asiswakamanga	esingaswakamanga	singaswakamanga
Class 8	zāswakama	ezāswakama	zāswakama	aziswakamanga	ezingaswakamanga	zingaswakamanga
Class 9	yāswakama	eyāswakama	yāswakama	ayiswakamanga	engaswakamanga	ingaswakamanga
Class 10	zāswakama	ezāswakama	zāswakama	aziswakamanga	ezingaswakamanga	zingaswakamanga
Class 11	lwāswakama	olwāswakama	lwāswakama	aluswakamanga	olungaswakamanga	lungaswakamanga
Class 14	bāswakama	obāswakama	bāswakama	abuswakamanga	obungaswakamanga	bungaswakamanga
Class 15	kwāswakama	okwāswakama	kwāswakama	akuswakamanga	okungaswakamanga	kungaswakamanga
Class 17	kwāswakama	okwāswakama	kwāswakama	akuswakamanga	okungaswakamanga	kungaswakamanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaswakama	—	ngingaswakama	ngingeswakame	—	ngingeswakame
2nd singular	ungaswakama	—	ungaswakama	ungeswakame	—	ungeswakame
1st plural	singaswakama	—	singaswakama	singeswakame	—	singeswakame
2nd plural	ningaswakama	—	ningaswakama	ningeswakame	—	ningeswakame
Class 1	angaswakama	—	engaswakama	angeswakame	—	engeswakame
Class 2	bangaswakama	—	bengaswakama	bangeswakame	—	bengeswakame
Class 3	ungaswakama	—	ungaswakama	ungeswakame	—	ungeswakame
Class 4	ingaswakama	—	ingaswakama	ingeswakame	—	ingeswakame
Class 5	lingaswakama	—	lingaswakama	lingeswakame	—	lingeswakame
Class 6	angaswakama	—	engaswakama	angeswakame	—	engeswakame
Class 7	singaswakama	—	singaswakama	singeswakame	—	singeswakame
Class 8	zingaswakama	—	zingaswakama	zingeswakame	—	zingeswakame
Class 9	ingaswakama	—	ingaswakama	ingeswakame	—	ingeswakame
Class 10	zingaswakama	—	zingaswakama	zingeswakame	—	zingeswakame
Class 11	lungaswakama	—	lungaswakama	lungeswakame	—	lungeswakame
Class 14	bungaswakama	—	bungaswakama	bungeswakame	—	bungeswakame
Class 15	kungaswakama	—	kungaswakama	kungeswakame	—	kungeswakame
Class 17	kungaswakama	—	kungaswakama	kungeswakame	—	kungeswakame
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoswakama	engizoswakama	ngizoswakama	angizuswakama	engingezuswakama	ngingezuswakama
2nd singular	uzoswakama	ozoswakama	uzoswakama	awuzuswakama	ongezuswakama	ungezuswakama
1st plural	sizoswakama	esizoswakama	sizoswakama	asizuswakama	esingezuswakama	singezuswakama
2nd plural	nizoswakama	enizoswakama	nizoswakama	anizuswakama	eningezuswakama	ningezuswakama
Class 1	uzoswakama	ozoswakama	ezoswakama	akazuswakama	ongezuswakama	engezuswakama
Class 2	bazoswakama	abazoswakama	bezoswakama	abazuswakama	abangezuswakama	bengezuswakama
Class 3	uzoswakama	ozoswakama	uzoswakama	awuzuswakama	ongezuswakama	ungezuswakama
Class 4	izoswakama	ezoswakama	izoswakama	ayizuswakama	engezuswakama	ingezuswakama
Class 5	lizoswakama	elizoswakama	lizoswakama	alizuswakama	elingezuswakama	lingezuswakama
Class 6	azoswakama	azoswakama	ezoswakama	awazuswakama	angezuswakama	engezuswakama
Class 7	sizoswakama	esizoswakama	sizoswakama	asizuswakama	esingezuswakama	singezuswakama
Class 8	zizoswakama	ezizoswakama	zizoswakama	azizuswakama	ezingezuswakama	zingezuswakama
Class 9	izoswakama	ezoswakama	izoswakama	ayizuswakama	engezuswakama	ingezuswakama
Class 10	zizoswakama	ezizoswakama	zizoswakama	azizuswakama	ezingezuswakama	zingezuswakama
Class 11	luzoswakama	oluzoswakama	luzoswakama	aluzuswakama	olungezuswakama	lungezuswakama
Class 14	buzoswakama	obuzoswakama	buzoswakama	abuzuswakama	obungezuswakama	bungezuswakama
Class 15	kuzoswakama	okuzoswakama	kuzoswakama	akuzuswakama	okungezuswakama	kungezuswakama
Class 17	kuzoswakama	okuzoswakama	kuzoswakama	akuzuswakama	okungezuswakama	kungezuswakama
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoswakama	engiyoswakama	ngiyoswakama	angiyuswakama	engingeyuswakama	ngingeyuswakama
2nd singular	uyoswakama	oyoswakama	uyoswakama	awuyuswakama	ongeyuswakama	ungeyuswakama
1st plural	siyoswakama	esiyoswakama	siyoswakama	asiyuswakama	esingeyuswakama	singeyuswakama
2nd plural	niyoswakama	eniyoswakama	niyoswakama	aniyuswakama	eningeyuswakama	ningeyuswakama
Class 1	uyoswakama	oyoswakama	eyoswakama	akayuswakama	ongeyuswakama	engeyuswakama
Class 2	bayoswakama	abayoswakama	beyoswakama	abayuswakama	abangeyuswakama	bengeyuswakama
Class 3	uyoswakama	oyoswakama	uyoswakama	awuyuswakama	ongeyuswakama	ungeyuswakama
Class 4	iyoswakama	eyoswakama	iyoswakama	ayiyuswakama	engeyuswakama	ingeyuswakama
Class 5	liyoswakama	eliyoswakama	liyoswakama	aliyuswakama	elingeyuswakama	lingeyuswakama
Class 6	ayoswakama	ayoswakama	eyoswakama	awayuswakama	angeyuswakama	engeyuswakama
Class 7	siyoswakama	esiyoswakama	siyoswakama	asiyuswakama	esingeyuswakama	singeyuswakama
Class 8	ziyoswakama	eziyoswakama	ziyoswakama	aziyuswakama	ezingeyuswakama	zingeyuswakama
Class 9	iyoswakama	eyoswakama	iyoswakama	ayiyuswakama	engeyuswakama	ingeyuswakama
Class 10	ziyoswakama	eziyoswakama	ziyoswakama	aziyuswakama	ezingeyuswakama	zingeyuswakama
Class 11	luyoswakama	oluyoswakama	luyoswakama	aluyuswakama	olungeyuswakama	lungeyuswakama
Class 14	buyoswakama	obuyoswakama	buyoswakama	abuyuswakama	obungeyuswakama	bungeyuswakama
Class 15	kuyoswakama	okuyoswakama	kuyoswakama	akuyuswakama	okungeyuswakama	kungeyuswakama
Class 17	kuyoswakama	okuyoswakama	kuyoswakama	akuyuswakama	okungeyuswakama	kungeyuswakama
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiswakame	ngingaswakami
2nd singular	uswakame	ungaswakami
1st plural	siswakame	singaswakami
2nd plural	niswakame	ningaswakami
Class 1	aswakame	angaswakami
Class 2	baswakame	bangaswakami
Class 3	uswakame	ungaswakami
Class 4	iswakame	ingaswakami
Class 5	liswakame	lingaswakami
Class 6	aswakame	angaswakami
Class 7	siswakame	singaswakami
Class 8	ziswakame	zingaswakami
Class 9	iswakame	ingaswakami
Class 10	ziswakame	zingaswakami
Class 11	luswakame	lungaswakami
Class 14	buswakame	bungaswakami
Class 15	kuswakame	kungaswakami
Class 17	kuswakame	kungaswakami
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaswakama	ngangaswakama, angaswakama, angangaswakama
2nd singular	waswakama	wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
1st plural	saswakama	sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama
2nd plural	naswakama	nangaswakama, anaswakama, anangaswakama
Class 1	waswakama	wangaswakama, akaswakama, akangaswakama
Class 2	baswakama	bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama
Class 3	waswakama	wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
Class 4	yaswakama	yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama
Class 5	laswakama	langaswakama, alaswakama, alangaswakama
Class 6	aswakama	angaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama
Class 7	saswakama	sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama
Class 8	zaswakama	zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama
Class 9	yaswakama	yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama
Class 10	zaswakama	zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama
Class 11	lwaswakama	lwangaswakama, alwaswakama, alwangaswakama
Class 14	baswakama	bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama
Class 15	kwaswakama	kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama
Class 17	kwaswakama	kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swakama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swakama (3.2.9)”