thunga

See also: þunga

Xhosa

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

Verb

-thûnga

1. (transitive) to sew

Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Zulu

Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-tʊ́nga.

Verb

-thunga

1. to sew

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuthunga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuthunga	ukungathungi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	thunga	-thunge
Plural	thungani	-thungeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyathunga, ngithunga	engithungayo, engithunga	ngithunga	angithungi	engingathungi	ngingathungi
2nd singular	uyathunga, uthunga	othungayo, othunga	uthunga	awuthungi	ongathungi	ungathungi
1st plural	siyathunga, sithunga	esithungayo, esithunga	sithunga	asithungi	esingathungi	singathungi
2nd plural	niyathunga, nithunga	enithungayo, enithunga	nithunga	anithungi	eningathungi	ningathungi
Class 1	uyathunga, uthunga	othungayo, othunga	ethunga	akathungi	ongathungi	engathungi
Class 2	bayathunga, bathunga	abathungayo, abathunga	bethunga	abathungi	abangathungi	bengathungi
Class 3	uyathunga, uthunga	othungayo, othunga	uthunga	awuthungi	ongathungi	ungathungi
Class 4	iyathunga, ithunga	ethungayo, ethunga	ithunga	ayithungi	engathungi	ingathungi
Class 5	liyathunga, lithunga	elithungayo, elithunga	lithunga	alithungi	elingathungi	lingathungi
Class 6	ayathunga, athunga	athungayo, athunga	ethunga	awathungi	angathungi	engathungi
Class 7	siyathunga, sithunga	esithungayo, esithunga	sithunga	asithungi	esingathungi	singathungi
Class 8	ziyathunga, zithunga	ezithungayo, ezithunga	zithunga	azithungi	ezingathungi	zingathungi
Class 9	iyathunga, ithunga	ethungayo, ethunga	ithunga	ayithungi	engathungi	ingathungi
Class 10	ziyathunga, zithunga	ezithungayo, ezithunga	zithunga	azithungi	ezingathungi	zingathungi
Class 11	luyathunga, luthunga	oluthungayo, oluthunga	luthunga	aluthungi	olungathungi	lungathungi
Class 14	buyathunga, buthunga	obuthungayo, obuthunga	buthunga	abuthungi	obungathungi	bungathungi
Class 15	kuyathunga, kuthunga	okuthungayo, okuthunga	kuthunga	akuthungi	okungathungi	kungathungi
Class 17	kuyathunga, kuthunga	okuthungayo, okuthunga	kuthunga	akuthungi	okungathungi	kungathungi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngithungile, ngithungē	engithungile, engithungē	ngithungile, ngithungē	angithunganga	engingathunganga	ngingathunganga
2nd singular	uthungile, uthungē	othungile, othungē	uthungile, uthungē	awuthunganga	ongathunganga	ungathunganga
1st plural	sithungile, sithungē	esithungile, esithungē	sithungile, sithungē	asithunganga	esingathunganga	singathunganga
2nd plural	nithungile, nithungē	enithungile, enithungē	nithungile, nithungē	anithunganga	eningathunganga	ningathunganga
Class 1	uthungile, uthungē	othungile, othungē	ethungile, ethungē	akathunganga	ongathunganga	engathunganga
Class 2	bathungile, bathungē	abathungile, abathungē	bethungile, bethungē	abathunganga	abangathunganga	bengathunganga
Class 3	uthungile, uthungē	othungile, othungē	uthungile, uthungē	awuthunganga	ongathunganga	ungathunganga
Class 4	ithungile, ithungē	ethungile, ethungē	ithungile, ithungē	ayithunganga	engathunganga	ingathunganga
Class 5	lithungile, lithungē	elithungile, elithungē	lithungile, lithungē	alithunganga	elingathunganga	lingathunganga
Class 6	athungile, athungē	athungile, athungē	ethungile, ethungē	awathunganga	angathunganga	engathunganga
Class 7	sithungile, sithungē	esithungile, esithungē	sithungile, sithungē	asithunganga	esingathunganga	singathunganga
Class 8	zithungile, zithungē	ezithungile, ezithungē	zithungile, zithungē	azithunganga	ezingathunganga	zingathunganga
Class 9	ithungile, ithungē	ethungile, ethungē	ithungile, ithungē	ayithunganga	engathunganga	ingathunganga
Class 10	zithungile, zithungē	ezithungile, ezithungē	zithungile, zithungē	azithunganga	ezingathunganga	zingathunganga
Class 11	luthungile, luthungē	oluthungile, oluthungē	luthungile, luthungē	aluthunganga	olungathunganga	lungathunganga
Class 14	buthungile, buthungē	obuthungile, obuthungē	buthungile, buthungē	abuthunganga	obungathunganga	bungathunganga
Class 15	kuthungile, kuthungē	okuthungile, okuthungē	kuthungile, kuthungē	akuthunganga	okungathunganga	kungathunganga
Class 17	kuthungile, kuthungē	okuthungile, okuthungē	kuthungile, kuthungē	akuthunganga	okungathunganga	kungathunganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāthunga	engāthunga	ngāthunga	angithunganga	engingathunganga	ngingathunganga
2nd singular	wāthunga	owāthunga	wāthunga	awuthunganga	ongathunganga	ungathunganga
1st plural	sāthunga	esāthunga	sāthunga	asithunganga	esingathunganga	singathunganga
2nd plural	nāthunga	enāthunga	nāthunga	anithunganga	eningathunganga	ningathunganga
Class 1	wāthunga	owāthunga	āthunga	akathunganga	ongathunganga	engathunganga
Class 2	bāthunga	abāthunga	bāthunga	abathunganga	abangathunganga	bengathunganga
Class 3	wāthunga	owāthunga	wāthunga	awuthunganga	ongathunganga	ungathunganga
Class 4	yāthunga	eyāthunga	yāthunga	ayithunganga	engathunganga	ingathunganga
Class 5	lāthunga	elāthunga	lāthunga	alithunganga	elingathunganga	lingathunganga
Class 6	āthunga	āthunga	āthunga	awathunganga	angathunganga	engathunganga
Class 7	sāthunga	esāthunga	sāthunga	asithunganga	esingathunganga	singathunganga
Class 8	zāthunga	ezāthunga	zāthunga	azithunganga	ezingathunganga	zingathunganga
Class 9	yāthunga	eyāthunga	yāthunga	ayithunganga	engathunganga	ingathunganga
Class 10	zāthunga	ezāthunga	zāthunga	azithunganga	ezingathunganga	zingathunganga
Class 11	lwāthunga	olwāthunga	lwāthunga	aluthunganga	olungathunganga	lungathunganga
Class 14	bāthunga	obāthunga	bāthunga	abuthunganga	obungathunganga	bungathunganga
Class 15	kwāthunga	okwāthunga	kwāthunga	akuthunganga	okungathunganga	kungathunganga
Class 17	kwāthunga	okwāthunga	kwāthunga	akuthunganga	okungathunganga	kungathunganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingathunga	—	ngingathunga	ngingethunge	—	ngingethunge
2nd singular	ungathunga	—	ungathunga	ungethunge	—	ungethunge
1st plural	singathunga	—	singathunga	singethunge	—	singethunge
2nd plural	ningathunga	—	ningathunga	ningethunge	—	ningethunge
Class 1	angathunga	—	engathunga	angethunge	—	engethunge
Class 2	bangathunga	—	bengathunga	bangethunge	—	bengethunge
Class 3	ungathunga	—	ungathunga	ungethunge	—	ungethunge
Class 4	ingathunga	—	ingathunga	ingethunge	—	ingethunge
Class 5	lingathunga	—	lingathunga	lingethunge	—	lingethunge
Class 6	angathunga	—	engathunga	angethunge	—	engethunge
Class 7	singathunga	—	singathunga	singethunge	—	singethunge
Class 8	zingathunga	—	zingathunga	zingethunge	—	zingethunge
Class 9	ingathunga	—	ingathunga	ingethunge	—	ingethunge
Class 10	zingathunga	—	zingathunga	zingethunge	—	zingethunge
Class 11	lungathunga	—	lungathunga	lungethunge	—	lungethunge
Class 14	bungathunga	—	bungathunga	bungethunge	—	bungethunge
Class 15	kungathunga	—	kungathunga	kungethunge	—	kungethunge
Class 17	kungathunga	—	kungathunga	kungethunge	—	kungethunge
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizothunga	engizothunga	ngizothunga	angizuthunga	engingezuthunga	ngingezuthunga
2nd singular	uzothunga	ozothunga	uzothunga	awuzuthunga	ongezuthunga	ungezuthunga
1st plural	sizothunga	esizothunga	sizothunga	asizuthunga	esingezuthunga	singezuthunga
2nd plural	nizothunga	enizothunga	nizothunga	anizuthunga	eningezuthunga	ningezuthunga
Class 1	uzothunga	ozothunga	ezothunga	akazuthunga	ongezuthunga	engezuthunga
Class 2	bazothunga	abazothunga	bezothunga	abazuthunga	abangezuthunga	bengezuthunga
Class 3	uzothunga	ozothunga	uzothunga	awuzuthunga	ongezuthunga	ungezuthunga
Class 4	izothunga	ezothunga	izothunga	ayizuthunga	engezuthunga	ingezuthunga
Class 5	lizothunga	elizothunga	lizothunga	alizuthunga	elingezuthunga	lingezuthunga
Class 6	azothunga	azothunga	ezothunga	awazuthunga	angezuthunga	engezuthunga
Class 7	sizothunga	esizothunga	sizothunga	asizuthunga	esingezuthunga	singezuthunga
Class 8	zizothunga	ezizothunga	zizothunga	azizuthunga	ezingezuthunga	zingezuthunga
Class 9	izothunga	ezothunga	izothunga	ayizuthunga	engezuthunga	ingezuthunga
Class 10	zizothunga	ezizothunga	zizothunga	azizuthunga	ezingezuthunga	zingezuthunga
Class 11	luzothunga	oluzothunga	luzothunga	aluzuthunga	olungezuthunga	lungezuthunga
Class 14	buzothunga	obuzothunga	buzothunga	abuzuthunga	obungezuthunga	bungezuthunga
Class 15	kuzothunga	okuzothunga	kuzothunga	akuzuthunga	okungezuthunga	kungezuthunga
Class 17	kuzothunga	okuzothunga	kuzothunga	akuzuthunga	okungezuthunga	kungezuthunga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyothunga	engiyothunga	ngiyothunga	angiyuthunga	engingeyuthunga	ngingeyuthunga
2nd singular	uyothunga	oyothunga	uyothunga	awuyuthunga	ongeyuthunga	ungeyuthunga
1st plural	siyothunga	esiyothunga	siyothunga	asiyuthunga	esingeyuthunga	singeyuthunga
2nd plural	niyothunga	eniyothunga	niyothunga	aniyuthunga	eningeyuthunga	ningeyuthunga
Class 1	uyothunga	oyothunga	eyothunga	akayuthunga	ongeyuthunga	engeyuthunga
Class 2	bayothunga	abayothunga	beyothunga	abayuthunga	abangeyuthunga	bengeyuthunga
Class 3	uyothunga	oyothunga	uyothunga	awuyuthunga	ongeyuthunga	ungeyuthunga
Class 4	iyothunga	eyothunga	iyothunga	ayiyuthunga	engeyuthunga	ingeyuthunga
Class 5	liyothunga	eliyothunga	liyothunga	aliyuthunga	elingeyuthunga	lingeyuthunga
Class 6	ayothunga	ayothunga	eyothunga	awayuthunga	angeyuthunga	engeyuthunga
Class 7	siyothunga	esiyothunga	siyothunga	asiyuthunga	esingeyuthunga	singeyuthunga
Class 8	ziyothunga	eziyothunga	ziyothunga	aziyuthunga	ezingeyuthunga	zingeyuthunga
Class 9	iyothunga	eyothunga	iyothunga	ayiyuthunga	engeyuthunga	ingeyuthunga
Class 10	ziyothunga	eziyothunga	ziyothunga	aziyuthunga	ezingeyuthunga	zingeyuthunga
Class 11	luyothunga	oluyothunga	luyothunga	aluyuthunga	olungeyuthunga	lungeyuthunga
Class 14	buyothunga	obuyothunga	buyothunga	abuyuthunga	obungeyuthunga	bungeyuthunga
Class 15	kuyothunga	okuyothunga	kuyothunga	akuyuthunga	okungeyuthunga	kungeyuthunga
Class 17	kuyothunga	okuyothunga	kuyothunga	akuyuthunga	okungeyuthunga	kungeyuthunga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngithunge	ngingathungi
2nd singular	uthunge	ungathungi
1st plural	sithunge	singathungi
2nd plural	nithunge	ningathungi
Class 1	athunge	angathungi
Class 2	bathunge	bangathungi
Class 3	uthunge	ungathungi
Class 4	ithunge	ingathungi
Class 5	lithunge	lingathungi
Class 6	athunge	angathungi
Class 7	sithunge	singathungi
Class 8	zithunge	zingathungi
Class 9	ithunge	ingathungi
Class 10	zithunge	zingathungi
Class 11	luthunge	lungathungi
Class 14	buthunge	bungathungi
Class 15	kuthunge	kungathungi
Class 17	kuthunge	kungathungi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngathunga	ngangathunga, angathunga, angangathunga
2nd singular	wathunga	wangathunga, awathunga, awangathunga
1st plural	sathunga	sangathunga, asathunga, asangathunga
2nd plural	nathunga	nangathunga, anathunga, anangathunga
Class 1	wathunga	wangathunga, akathunga, akangathunga
Class 2	bathunga	bangathunga, abathunga, abangathunga
Class 3	wathunga	wangathunga, awathunga, awangathunga
Class 4	yathunga	yangathunga, ayathunga, ayangathunga
Class 5	lathunga	langathunga, alathunga, alangathunga
Class 6	athunga	angathunga, awathunga, awangathunga
Class 7	sathunga	sangathunga, asathunga, asangathunga
Class 8	zathunga	zangathunga, azathunga, azangathunga
Class 9	yathunga	yangathunga, ayathunga, ayangathunga
Class 10	zathunga	zangathunga, azathunga, azangathunga
Class 11	lwathunga	lwangathunga, alwathunga, alwangathunga
Class 14	bathunga	bangathunga, abathunga, abangathunga
Class 15	kwathunga	kwangathunga, akwathunga, akwangathunga
Class 17	kwathunga	kwangathunga, akwathunga, akwangathunga

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thunga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thunga (6.6-3)”