zajlik
Hungarian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]zaj (“ice floes”) + -lik (verb-forming suffix)
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]zajlik
- (intransitive) to take place, to happen (eventfulness is often implied)
- (intransitive, of a river) to drift (when the ice breaks and flows down in the river)
Conjugation
[edit]The subjunctive forms are uncommon; sometimes forms of zajlódik are used instead (zajlódjon, zajlódjanak in the third-person). This verb belongs among those whose subjunctive forms (as well as adverbial participle and potential) would generate a cluster of three consonants, which is hard to pronounce. To avoid it, linguistic literature usually advises inserting a vowel between the first two consonants (or in some cases, avoiding these forms altogether). However, many native speakers find it just as awkward as the triple-consonant option and shrink from using it, even refusing these forms on hearing (although people have no objection to using the same linking vowel with other verbs like oszlik or bomlik). If someone wants to avoid these forms, a synonymous verb can be used instead or the sentence can be rephrased. (Verbs that are currently categorized as not having the above forms at all are listed at Hungarian defective verbs. However, in this case there is not always a clear dividing line between uncommon and impossible.) Further reading (in Hungarian): [1] [2] [3]
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zajlok | zajlasz | zajlik | zajlunk | zajlotok | zajlanak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zajlottam | zajlottál | zajlott | zajlottunk | zajlottatok | zajlottak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. zajlani fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zajlék | zajlál | zajla | zajlánk | zajlátok | zajlának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. zajlik vala, zajlott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zajlandok | zajlandasz | zajland | zajlandunk | zajlandotok | zajlandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zajlanék | zajlanál | zajlana | zajlanánk | zajlanátok | zajlanának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zajlott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zajoljak | zajolj or zajoljál |
zajoljon | zajoljunk | zajoljatok | zajoljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zajlott légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | zajlani | zajlanom | zajlanod | zajlania | zajlanunk | zajlanotok | zajlaniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| zajlás | zajló | zajlott | ― | zajolva (zajolván) | |||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | zajolhatok | zajolhatsz | zajolhat | zajolhatunk | zajolhattok | zajolhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | zajolhattam | zajolhattál | zajolhatott | zajolhattunk | zajolhattatok | zajolhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | zajlhaték | zajlhatál | zajlhata | zajlhatánk | zajlhatátok | zajlhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. zajolhat vala, zajolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | zajolhatandok or zajlandhatok |
zajolhatandasz or zajlandhatsz |
zajolhatand or zajlandhat |
zajolhatandunk or zajlandhatunk |
zajolhatandotok or zajlandhattok |
zajolhatandanak or zajlandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | zajolhatnék | zajolhatnál | zajolhatna | zajolhatnánk | zajolhatnátok | zajolhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. zajolhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | zajolhassak | zajolhass or zajolhassál |
zajolhasson | zajolhassunk | zajolhassatok | zajolhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. zajolhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (zajolhatni) | (zajolhatnom) | (zajolhatnod) | (zajolhatnia) | (zajolhatnunk) | (zajolhatnotok) | (zajolhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (zajolhatva / zajolhatván) | ||||
Derived terms
[edit](With verbal prefixes):
Further reading
[edit]- zajlik in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN