θάλασσα
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to Beekes, a Pre-Greek substrate borrowing tentatively reconstructed as *talakya;[1][2] the element "-σσ-", as well as the local geographic meaning, points to a Pre-Greek origin. Compare the possible cognate Luwian 𒀀𒆷𒀸 𒊭𒄠 (alaššamm(i)) or Luwian 𒀀𒆷𒀸𒊭𒄠𒈪𒅖.
Older theories related the word to ἅλς (háls, “salt”), cf. Latin sāl (“salt”), salum (“sea”), Salacia (“sea goddess”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /tʰá.las.sa/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈtʰa.las.sa/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈθa.las.sa/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈθa.las.sa/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈθa.la.sa/
Noun
[edit]θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ • (thálassa) f (genitive θᾰλᾰ́σσης); first declension
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ thálassa |
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ thalássā |
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι thálassai | ||||||||||
Genitive | θᾰλᾰ́σσης thalássēs |
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν / θᾰλᾰ́σσαιῐν / θᾰλᾰ́σσῃῐν thalássai(i)n / thalássēiin |
θᾰλᾰσσᾱ́ων / θᾰλᾰσσέ͜ων / θᾰλᾰσσῶν thalassā́ōn / thalassé͜ōn / thalassôn | ||||||||||
Dative | θᾰλᾰ́σσῃ thalássēi |
θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν / θᾰλᾰ́σσαιῐν / θᾰλᾰ́σσῃῐν thalássai(i)n / thalássēiin |
θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐ / θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐν / θᾰλᾰ́σσῃς / θᾰλᾰ́σσαις thalássēisi(n) / thalássēis / thalássais | ||||||||||
Accusative | θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν thálassan |
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ thalássā |
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς thalássās | ||||||||||
Vocative | θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ thálassa |
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ thalássā |
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι thálassai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ hē thálassa |
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ tṑ thalássā |
αἱ θᾰ́λᾰσσαι hai thálassai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς θᾰλᾰ́σσης tês thalássēs |
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν toîn thalássain |
τῶν θᾰλᾰσσέων / θᾰλᾰσσῶν tôn thalasséōn / thalassôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ θᾰλᾰ́σσῃ têi thalássēi |
τοῖν θᾰλᾰ́σσαιν toîn thalássain |
τῇσῐ / τῇσῐν θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐ / θᾰλᾰ́σσῃσῐν têisi(n) thalássēisi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν tḕn thálassan |
τὼ θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ tṑ thalássā |
τᾱ̀ς θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς tā̀s thalássās | ||||||||||
Vocative | θᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ thálassa |
θᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ thalássā |
θᾰ́λᾰσσαι thálassai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ᾱ̔ σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ hā sálassa |
τὼ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ tṑ salássā |
ταὶ σᾰ́λᾰσσαι taì sálassai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τᾶς σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς tâs salássās |
τοῖν σᾰλᾰ́σσαιν toîn salássain |
τᾶν θᾰλᾰσσᾶν tân thalassân | ||||||||||
Dative | τᾷ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾳ tâi salássāi |
τοῖν σᾰλᾰ́σσαιν toîn salássain |
ταῖς σᾰλᾰ́σσαις taîs salássais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τᾱ̀ν σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰν tā̀n sálassan |
τὼ σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ tṑ salássā |
τᾱ̀ς σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱς tā̀s salássās | ||||||||||
Vocative | σᾰ́λᾰσσᾰ sálassa |
σᾰλᾰ́σσᾱ salássā |
σᾰ́λᾰσσαι sálassai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]- Ἐρυθρὰ θάλασσα (Eruthrà thálassa)
- θαλασσαίγλη (thalassaíglē)
- θαλασσαῖος (thalassaîos)
- θαλασσερός (thalasserós)
- θαλασσεύς (thalasseús)
- θαλασσεύω (thalasseúō)
- θαλασσία (thalassía)
- θαλασσίγονος (thalassígonos)
- θαλασσίδιος (thalassídios)
- θαλασσίζω (thalassízō)
- θαλάσσιος (thalássios)
- θαλασσίτης (thalassítēs)
- θαλασσοβαφέω (thalassobaphéō)
- θαλασσοβαφής (thalassobaphḗs)
- θαλασσοβίωτος (thalassobíōtos)
- θαλασσοβραχής (thalassobrakhḗs)
- θαλασσογενής (thalassogenḗs)
- θαλασσογράφος (thalassográphos)
- θαλασσοδομέτρης (thalassodométrēs)
- θαλασσοειδής (thalassoeidḗs)
- θαλασσόκλυστος (thalassóklustos)
- θαλασσοκοπέω (thalassokopéō)
- θαλασσοκράμβη (thalassokrámbē)
- θαλασσοκρατέω (thalassokratéō)
- θαλασσοκρατία (thalassokratía)
- θαλασσοκράτωρ (thalassokrátōr)
- θαλασσομαχέω (thalassomakhéō)
- θαλασσομάχος (thalassomákhos)
- θαλασσομέδων (thalassomédōn)
- θαλασσόμελι (thalassómeli)
- θαλασσομιγής (thalassomigḗs)
- θαλασσόμοθος (thalassómothos)
- θαλασσονόμος (thalassonómos)
- θαλασσόπαις (thalassópais)
- θαλασσόπλαγκτος (thalassóplanktos)
- θαλασσόπληκτος (thalassóplēktos)
- θαλασσόπλοος (thalassóploos)
- θαλασσοποιός (thalassopoiós)
- θαλασσοπορέω (thalassoporéō)
- θαλασσοπόρος (thalassopóros)
- θαλασσοπόρφυρος (thalassopórphuros)
- θαλασσόπρασον (thalassóprason)
- θαλασσόσημος (thalassósēmos)
- θαλασσοτείχιστος (thalassoteíkhistos)
- θαλασσότοκος (thalassótokos)
- θαλασσουργέω (thalassourgéō)
- θαλασσουργία (thalassourgía)
- θαλασσουργός (thalassourgós)
- θαλασσόω (thalassóō)
- θαλασσώδης (thalassṓdēs)
- θαλάσσωσις (thalássōsis)
- παραθαλάσσιος (parathalássios)
Descendants
[edit]- Albanian: tallaz
- → Coptic: ⲑⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (thalassa), ϩⲁⲗⲁⲥⲥⲁ (halassa)
- → English: thalasso-, Thalassa
- Greek:
- → Latin: Thalassa
- → Romani: talaso
- → Ottoman Turkish: طالاز (talaz), طلاس (talas), تالاز (talaz)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “θάλασσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 530
- ^ https://www.robertbeekes.nl/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/b124.pdf
Further reading
[edit]- “θάλασσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “θάλασσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “θάλασσα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- θάλασσα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- θάλασσα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “θάλασσα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2281 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- θάλασσα in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- atlantic (sea) idem, page 49.
- brine idem, page 99.
- deep idem, page 203.
- sea idem, page 744.
- water idem, page 967.
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Ancient Greek θάλασσα (thálassa). Cognate with Tsakonian θάσσα (thássa, “sea”), Mariupol Greek тъа́ласа (θálasa).
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]θάλασσα • (thálassa) f (plural θάλασσες)
- sea
- Βαλτική Θάλασσα, Μεσόγειος Θάλασσα ― Valtikí Thálassa, Mesógeios Thálassa ― Baltic Sea, Mediterranean Sea
- sea (all the seas and oceans)
- Πήγε στη θάλασσα.
- Píge sti thálassa.
- He went to sea.
- storm
- πολύ θάλασσα ― polý thálassa ― heavy seas, stormy weather
Usage notes
[edit]- ωκεανός m (okeanós, “ocean”) (e.g. Atlantic, Pacific)
- θάλασσα f (thálassa, “larger sea”) (e.g. Mediterranean, Baltic, Caribbean)
- πέλαγος n (pélagos, “smaller sea”) (e.g. Adriatic, Aegean, Ionian)
Declension
[edit]Declension of θάλασσα
Related terms
[edit]- ακροθαλασσιά f (akrothalassiá, “seashore”)
- θαλάσσιος (thalássios, “marine, sea”)
- θαλασσής (thalassís, “light blue”)
- θαλασσί n (thalassí, “light blue”)
- θαλασσίτσα n (thalassítsa)
- θαλασσινά n pl (thalassiná, “seafood”)
- θαλασσινή f (thalassiní, “seawoman, seafarer, dweller by the sea”)
- θαλασσινός (thalassinós, “marine, in the sea”)
- θαλασσινός m (thalassinós, “seaman, seafarer, dweller by the sea”)
- θαλασσογραφία f (thalassografía, “seascape”)
- θαλασσοδάνειο n (thalassodáneio, “sea loan, risky loan, bottomry”)
- θαλασσοδέρνομαι (thalassodérnomai)
- θαλασσοδέρνω (thalassodérno)
- θαλασσοδαρμένος (thalassodarménos, “weather-beaten, beaten by the sea”)
- θαλασσοκράτειρα f (thalassokráteira, “sea power”)
- θαλασσοκράτορας m (thalassokrátoras, “sea power”)
- θαλασσοκρατία f (thalassokratía, “sea mastery, naval supremacy”)
- θαλασσοκρατορία f (thalassokratoría, “sea mastery, naval supremacy”)
- θαλασσοπνίγομαι (thalassopnígomai, “be half-drowned, be in difficulties at sea”)
- θαλασσοπούλι n (thalassopoúli, “seabird”)
- θαλασσοπόρος m or f (thalassopóros, “seavoyager, navigator, marine explorer”)
- θαλασσοταραχή f (thalassotarachí, “rough sea”)
- θαλασσόβιος (thalassóvios, “frequenting the sea”)
- θαλασσόλυκος m (thalassólykos, “sea dog, old salt”)
- θαλασσόλυκος n (thalassólykos)
- θαλασσόνερο n (thalassónero, “seawater”)
- θαλασσόχορτο n (thalassóchorto, “samphire”)
- θαλασσώνω (thalassóno, “to mess things up”)
- λαοθάλασσα f (laothálassa)
- λιμνοθάλασσα f (limnothálassa)
Further reading
[edit]- θάλασσα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
θάλασσα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
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