πόντος
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
See also: Πόντος
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Hellenic *póntos, from Proto-Indo-European *pónteh₁s (“path, road”).[1]
Cognates include Sanskrit पन्था (pánthā-, “way”), Old Armenian հուն (hun, “riverbed”), Latin pōns (“bridge”), and Old English findan (English find).
Attested in Mycenaean Greek as 𐀡𐀵 (po-to).[2]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pón.tos/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpon.tos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpon.tos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpon.tos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpon.dos/
Noun
[edit]πόντος • (póntos) m (genitive πόντου); second declension
- the sea
- (often combined with epithets in Homer)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 2.613:
- αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
νῆας ἐϋσσέλμους περάᾱν ἐπὶ οἴνοπα πόντον
Ἀτρεΐδης, ἐπεὶ οὔ σφι θαλάσσια ἔργα μεμήλει.- autòs gár sphin dôken ánax andrôn Agamémnōn
nêas eüssélmous peráān epì oínopa pónton
Atreḯdēs, epeì oú sphi thalássia érga memḗlei. - For Agamemnon son of Atreus himself had given [the Arcadians]
strong-benched ships for crossing the wine-dark sea,
since they weren't interested in the work of the sea.
- autòs gár sphin dôken ánax andrôn Agamémnōn
- αὐτὸς γάρ σφιν δῶκεν ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν Ἀγαμέμνων
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.196–198:
- οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
ἀλλ’ ἔτι που ζωὸς κατερῡ́κεται εὐρέϊ πόντῳ,
νήσῳ̆ ἐν ἀμφιρύτῃ,- ou gár pō téthnēken epì khthonì dîos Odusseús,
all’ éti pou zōòs katerū́ketai euréï póntōi,
nḗsōi en amphirútēi, - [Athena disguised as Mentes talking to Telemachus:]
For noble Odysseus hasn't died yet on earth,
but is probably still alive and being detained on the wide sea
on a sea-girt isle,
- ou gár pō téthnēken epì khthonì dîos Odusseús,
- οὐ γάρ πω τέθνηκεν ἐπὶ χθονὶ δῖος Ὀδυσσεύς,
- (often combined with epithets in Homer)
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ πόντος ho póntos |
τὼ πόντω tṑ póntō |
οἱ πόντοι hoi póntoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ πόντου toû póntou |
τοῖν πόντοιν toîn póntoin |
τῶν πόντων tôn póntōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ πόντῳ tôi póntōi |
τοῖν πόντοιν toîn póntoin |
τοῖς πόντοις toîs póntois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν πόντον tòn pónton |
τὼ πόντω tṑ póntō |
τοὺς πόντους toùs póntous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πόντε pónte |
πόντω póntō |
πόντοι póntoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | πόντος póntos |
πόντω póntō |
πόντοι póntoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | πόντου / ποντοῖο / πόντοιο / ποντόο / πόντοο póntou / pontoîo / póntoio / pontóo / póntoo |
πόντοιῐν póntoiin |
πόντων póntōn | ||||||||||
Dative | πόντῳ póntōi |
πόντοιῐν póntoiin |
πόντοισῐ / πόντοισῐν / πόντοις póntoisi(n) / póntois | ||||||||||
Accusative | πόντον pónton |
πόντω póntō |
πόντους póntous | ||||||||||
Vocative | πόντε pónte |
πόντω póntō |
πόντοι póntoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “sea”): χέρσος (khérsos)
Derived terms
[edit]- ποντοπόρος (pontopóros)
See also
[edit]- πάτος (pátos)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “πόντος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1221
- ^ John Chadwick, Lydia Baumbach (1963) “The Mycenaean Greek Vocabulary”, in Glotta : Zeitschrift für griechische und lateinische Sprache, volume 41, number 3/4, Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht (GmbH & Co. KG), →JSTOR, →OCLC, page 237 of 157–271: “πόντος”
Further reading
[edit]- “πόντος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “πόντος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “πόντος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- πόντος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- πόντος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “πόντος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- deep idem, page 203.
- hellespont idem, page 395.
- pontus idem, page 626.
- sea idem, page 744.
Greek
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Venetian pont (“point, end”).
Noun
[edit]πόντος • (póntos) m (plural πόντοι)
- point (the unit of scoring in a game or competition)
- centimeter
- ladder (length of unravelled fabric in a knitted garment, especially in nylon stockings)
Declension
[edit]Declension of πόντος
Etymology 2
[edit]From Ancient Greek πόντος (póntos, “see above”).
Noun
[edit]πόντος • (póntos) m (plural πόντοι)
Usage notes
[edit]The more common terms:
- ωκεανός m (okeanós, “ocean”) (e.g. Atlantic, Pacific)
- θάλασσα f (thálassa, “larger sea”) (e.g. Mediterranean, Baltic, Caribbean)
- πέλαγος n (pélagos, “smaller sea”) (e.g. Adriatic, Aegean, Ionian)
Declension
[edit]Declension of πόντος
Synonyms
[edit]- see: πέλαγος m (pélagos)
Derived terms
[edit]- Εύξεινος Πόντος m (Éfxeinos Póntos, “Black Sea”)
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *pent-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Landforms
- grc:Water
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek terms derived from Venetian
- Greek lemmas
- Greek nouns
- Greek masculine nouns
- Greek nouns declining like 'καλόγερος'
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- el:Bodies of water
- el:Landforms
- el:Seas