κόχλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• κοκάλια (kokália), κοκκάλια (kokkália), κωκάλια (kōkália)

Etymology

Connection with κόγχος (kónkhos, “mussel, cockle”) is evident; the prenasalization can be explained by borrowing from Pre-Greek or Semitic.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kó.kʰlos/ → /ˈko.xlos/ → /ˈko.xlos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kó.kʰlos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈko.kʰlos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.xlos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈko.xlos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈko.xlos/

Noun

κόχλος • (kókhlos) m (genitive κόχλου); second declension

1. shellfish with a spiral shell, used for dyeing purple
2. land snail

   Synonyms: σέσῑλος (sésīlos), στρόμβος (strómbos)

3. kohl

   Synonyms: λᾰ́ρβᾰσον (lárbason), στῐ́μμῐ (stímmi)

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ κόχλος; τοῦ κόχλου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ κόχλος ho kókhlos	τὼ κόχλω tṑ kókhlō	οἱ κόχλοι hoi kókhloi
Genitive	τοῦ κόχλου toû kókhlou	τοῖν κόχλοιν toîn kókhloin	τῶν κόχλων tôn kókhlōn
Dative	τῷ κόχλῳ tôi kókhlōi	τοῖν κόχλοιν toîn kókhloin	τοῖς κόχλοις toîs kókhlois
Accusative	τὸν κόχλον tòn kókhlon	τὼ κόχλω tṑ kókhlō	τοὺς κόχλους toùs kókhlous
Vocative	κόχλε kókhle	κόχλω kókhlō	κόχλοι kókhloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• κοχλῐ́ᾱ (kokhlíā)
• κοχλῐᾰ́ρῐον (kokhliárion)
• κόχλῐᾱς (kókhliās)
• κοχλῐ́δῐον (kokhlídion)
• κοχλῐοειδής (kokhlioeidḗs)
• κοχλῐοκογχῠ́λῐον (kokhliokonkhúlion)
• κοχλῐ́ς (kokhlís)
• κοχλῐώρῠχον (kokhliṓrukhon)

 

Further reading

• “κόχλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κόχλος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• κόχλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette