μάχαιρα
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See also: μαχαίρα
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Controversial:[1]
- Traditionally linked to μάχομαι (mákhomai, “to fight”); compare μάχη (mákhē, “a battle, a strife”). Though formally without issues, Chantraine finds this implausible.
- Others consider the word to be from a foreign or substrate source, though exact comparanda are disputed. Lewy considers the word as a Semitic borrowing; compare Hebrew מכרה (mᵉkērā, “sword”). However, Gordon considers the Hebrew to be borrowed from Greek, rather than the other way around.
- Beekes prefers to link the word to μάγειρος (mágeiros, “cook”), taking the γ/χ interchange as evidence of Pre-Greek origin.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /má.kʰai̯.ra/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈma.kʰɛ.ra/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈma.çɛ.ra/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈma.çe.ra/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈma.çe.ra/
Noun
[edit]μάχαιρα • (mákhaira) f (genitive μᾰχαίρας); first declension
- large knife, short sword, dirk, dagger
Usage notes
[edit]Later Greek used μαχαίρης (makhaírēs) and μαχαίρῃ (makhaírēi) for the singular genitive and dative respectively.
Inflection
[edit]| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ μάχαιρᾰ hē mákhaira |
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ tṑ makhaírā |
αἱ μάχαιραι hai mákhairai | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς μαχαίρᾱς tês makhaírās |
τοῖν μαχαίραιν toîn makhaírain |
τῶν μαχαιρῶν tôn makhairôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ μαχαίρᾳ têi makhaírāi |
τοῖν μαχαίραιν toîn makhaírain |
ταῖς μαχαίραις taîs makhaírais | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν μάχαιρᾰν tḕn mákhairan |
τὼ μαχαίρᾱ tṑ makhaírā |
τᾱ̀ς μαχαίρᾱς tā̀s makhaírās | ||||||||||
| Vocative | μάχαιρᾰ mákhaira |
μαχαίρᾱ makhaírā |
μάχαιραι mákhairai | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
[edit]- δρεπανομάχαιρα (drepanomákhaira)
- ἐγγαστριμάχαιρα (engastrimákhaira)
- μαχαιρᾶς (makhairâs)
- μαχαιροδέτης (makhairodétēs)
- μαχαιροθήκη (makhairothḗkē)
- μαχαιροποιός (makhairopoiós)
- μαχαιροπώλιον (makhairopṓlion)
- μαχαιρουργός (makhairourgós)
- μαχαιροφόρος (makhairophóros)
- μαχαιρόφυλλον (makhairóphullon)
- ξιφομάχαιρα (xiphomákhaira)
Descendants
[edit]- ⇒ Koine Greek: μαχαίριον (makhaírion) (diminutive)
- → Greek: μάχαιρα (máchaira) (learned)
- → Latin: machaera
- Translingual: †Machairodus
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μάχαιρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 915
Further reading
[edit]- “μάχαιρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μάχαιρα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μάχαιρα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μάχαιρα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- μάχαιρα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “μάχαιρα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3162 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- μάχαιρα in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek μάχαιρα (mákhaira).[1] Doublet of μαχαίρι (machaíri).
Noun
[edit]μάχαιρα • (máchaira) f (uncountable)
Declension
[edit] μάχαιρα
| case \ number | singular |
|---|---|
| nominative | μάχαιρα • |
| genitive | μάχαιρας • |
| accusative | μάχαιρα • |
| vocative | μάχαιρα • |
References
[edit]- ^ μάχαιρα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Further reading
[edit]
μάχαιρα on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia el
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from substrate languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from substrate languages
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from Semitic languages
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Semitic languages
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- grc:Swords
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- el:Weapons