τυγχάνω

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Ancient Greek

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Etymology

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From Proto-Hellenic *tunkʰanō, from the nasal-infixed present *dʰu-n-gʰ- of Proto-Indo-European *dʰewgʰ- (to hit, produce, yield), whence also τεύχω (teúkhō, produce).[1]

The present stem τυγχάνω (tunkhánō) is a zero-grade form of the root with nasal infix and nasal suffix, like λαμβάνω (lambánō, to take) and λανθάνω (lanthánō, to do secretly). The aorist stem ἔτυχον (étukhon) is zero-grade with no suffix, and ἐτύχησᾰ (etúkhēsa), and τετύχηκᾰ (tetúkhēka) are zero-grade with regular first-aorist and perfect suffixes. The future τεύξομαι (teúxomai) and perfect τέτευχᾰ (téteukha) and τέτευγμαι (téteugmai) are e-grade. Related to τεύχω (teúkhō), which is from a different present stem and with which it shares some forms.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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τυγχάνω (tunkhánō)

  1. Expressing coincidence: to happen (to be)
    1. (of events) to happen, occur [with dative ‘to someone’]
    2. (of a person) to happen [with participle ‘to do something’]
      • 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 14.334–335:
        τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς
        ἀνδρῶν Θεσπρωτῶν ἐς Δουλίχιον πολύπῡρον.
        túkhēse gàr erkhoménē nēûs
        andrôn Thesprōtôn es Doulíkhion polúpūron.
        For a ship belonging to Thesprotian men happened to be going to Dulichium rich in grain.
  2. to succeed [with participle or infinitive ‘at doing’]; to go successfully
    1. to hit a target [with genitive]
    2. to meet someone [with genitive]
    3. to get or attain something [with genitive]

Inflection

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Antonyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Greek: τυχαίνω (tychaíno)

References

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  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “τυγχάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1515-6

Further reading

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