ἁμαρτάνω
Appearance
See also: αμαρτάνω
Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Although there are no known cognates outside of Greek, Beekes nonetheless reconstructs a Proto-Indo-European *h₂mert- (“to miss, fail”) as the ancestor of this word.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ha.mar.tá.nɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /(h)a.marˈta.no/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /a.marˈta.no/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /a.marˈta.no/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /a.marˈta.no/
Verb
[edit]ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νω • (hămărtắnō)
- (ambitransitive) to miss, miss the mark, especially of a thrown spear [with genitive ‘something’]
- (ambitransitive) to fail at, miss one's point, go wrong in [with genitive ‘something’]
- (transitive) to be deprived of, to lose [with genitive ‘something’]
- (rarely transitive) to fail to do, neglect [with genitive ‘something’]
- (intransitive) to fail, do wrong, err, sin
- Simonides of Ceos, Iamb. 7.111
- c. 445 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1093–1096:[1]
- οὐκ ἄν ποτ’, ἄνδρες, ἄνδρα θαυμάσαιμ’ ἔτι, / ὃς μηδὲν ὢν γοναῖσιν εἶθ’ ἁμαρτάνει, / ὅθ’ οἱ δοκοῦντες εὐγενεῖς πεφυκέναι / τοιαῦθ’ ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐν λόγοις ἔπη·
- ouk án pot’, ándres, ándra thaumásaim’ éti, / hòs mēdèn ṑn gonaîsin eîth’ hamartánei, / hóth’ hoi dokoûntes eugeneîs pephukénai / toiaûth’ hamartánousin en lógois épē;
- 1893 translation by Sir Richard Jebb[2]
- Never again, my fellow Salaminians, will I be amazed if some nobody by birth does wrong, when those who are reputed to be born of noble blood employ such wrongful sentiments in their arguments.
- οὐκ ἄν ποτ’, ἄνδρες, ἄνδρα θαυμάσαιμ’ ἔτι, / ὃς μηδὲν ὢν γοναῖσιν εἶθ’ ἁμαρτάνει, / ὅθ’ οἱ δοκοῦντες εὐγενεῖς πεφυκέναι / τοιαῦθ’ ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐν λόγοις ἔπη·
Conjugation
[edit] Present: ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νω, ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νομαι
Imperfect: ἡμᾰ́ρτᾰνον, ἡμᾰρτᾰνόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἡμᾰ́ρτᾰνον | ἡμᾰ́ρτᾰνες | ἡμᾰ́ρτᾰνε(ν) | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νετον | ἡμᾰρτᾰνέτην | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νομεν | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νετε | ἡμᾰ́ρτᾰνον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἡμᾰρτᾰνόμην | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νου | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νετο | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νεσθον | ἡμᾰρτᾰνέσθην | ἡμᾰρτᾰνόμεθᾰ | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νεσθε | ἡμᾰρτᾰ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτᾰνον | ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτᾰνες | ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτᾰνε(ν) | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νετον | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰνέτην | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νομεν | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νετε | ᾰ̔μᾰ́ρτᾰνον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰνόμην | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νεο, ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νευ |
ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νετο | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νεσθον | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰνέσθην | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰνόμε(σ)θᾰ | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νεσθε | ᾰ̔μᾰρτᾰ́νοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Aorist: ἡμᾰ́ρτησᾰ, ἡμᾰρτησᾰ́μην
Perfect: ἡμᾰ́ρτηκᾰ, ἡμᾰ́ρτημαι
Antonyms
[edit]- (antonym(s) of “miss a target, fail”): τυγχάνω (tunkhánō)
Derived terms
[edit]- ἁμαρτάς (hamartás)
- ἁμάρτημα (hamártēma)
- ἁμαρτίᾱ (hamartíā)
- ἁμάρτιον (hamártion)
- ἁμαρτωλή (hamartōlḗ)
- ἁμαρτωλός (hamartōlós)
- ἀναμάρτητος (anamártētos)
- ἀφαμαρτάνω (aphamartánō)
- διαμαρτάνω (diamartánō)
- διαμαρτίᾱ (diamartíā)
- ἐξαμαρτάνω (examartánō)
- ἡμαρτημένως (hēmartēménōs)
- νημερτής (nēmertḗs)
- συνεξαμαρτάνω (sunexamartánō)
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἁμαρτάνω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 83
Further reading
[edit]- “ἁμαρτάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἁμαρτάνω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἁμαρτάνω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἁμαρτάνω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἁμαρτάνω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἁμαρτάνω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
- “ἁμαρτάνω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G264 in Strong, James (1979), Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἁμαρτάνω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011