ὄρθρος
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Indo-European *h₃r̥dʰ-ro-, from *h₃erdʰ- (“to rise”). Cognate with ὀρθός (orthós), Latin ortus (“star's rise”), oriens (“sunrise”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ór.tʰros/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈor.tʰros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈor.θros/
Noun
[edit]ὄρθρος • (órthros) m (genitive ὄρθρου); second declension
- The time immediately before or around sunrise: dawn, early morning twilight
- ὄρθρος βαθύς ― órthros bathús ― dim morning twilight
- 400 BCE – 387 BCE, Plato, Crito 43a:
- ΣΩ. τί τηνικάδε ἀφῖξαι, ὦ Κρίτων; ἢ οὐ πρῲ ἔτι ἐστίν;
ΚΡ. πάνυ μὲν οὖν.
ΣΩ. πηνίκα μάλιστα;
ΚΡ. ὄρθρος βαθύς.- SŌ. tí tēnikáde aphîxai, ô Krítōn? ḕ ou prṑi éti estín?
KR. pánu mèn oûn.
SŌ. pēníka málista?
KR. órthros bathús. - Socrates: Why have you come at this time, Crito? Or isn't it still early?
Crito: Yes, very much so.
Socrates: About what time?
Crito: Dim morning twilight.
- SŌ. tí tēnikáde aphîxai, ô Krítōn? ḕ ou prṑi éti estín?
- ΣΩ. τί τηνικάδε ἀφῖξαι, ὦ Κρίτων; ἢ οὐ πρῲ ἔτι ἐστίν;
Inflection
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ ὄρθρος ho órthros |
τὼ ὄρθρω tṑ órthrō |
οἱ ὄρθροι hoi órthroi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ ὄρθρου toû órthrou |
τοῖν ὄρθροιν toîn órthroin |
τῶν ὄρθρων tôn órthrōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ ὄρθρῳ tôi órthrōi |
τοῖν ὄρθροιν toîn órthroin |
τοῖς ὄρθροις toîs órthrois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν ὄρθρον tòn órthron |
τὼ ὄρθρω tṑ órthrō |
τοὺς ὄρθρους toùs órthrous | ||||||||||
Vocative | ὄρθρε órthre |
ὄρθρω órthrō |
ὄρθροι órthroi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “1101-1102”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page ὄρθρος
Further reading
[edit]- “ὄρθρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ὄρθρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- G3722 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- “ὄρθρος”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, 2011
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₃erdʰ-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek paroxytone terms
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- Ancient Greek terms with collocations
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
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