砼

砼 U+783C, 砼 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-783C ← 砻 [U+783B] CJK Unified Ideographs 砽 → [U+783D]

Translingual

Han character

砼 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 一口人一 (MROM), composition ⿰石仝)

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 829, character 33
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2424, character 10
• Unihan data for U+783C

Chinese

simp. and trad.		砼

Etymology

Coined by Chinese architect Cai Fangyin in 1953.

The glyph is a compound of 人工石 (“man-made stone”). Pronunciation is from 仝 (tóng), treated as the phonetic component of the glyph. Serendipitously, the pronunciation also resembles the word for “concrete” in some European languages; cf. French béton, German Beton, Russian бето́н (betón).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): tóng (tong²)

  (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tông

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: tóng
    • Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: tóng
    • Wade–Giles: tʻung²
    • Yale: túng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: torng
    • Palladius: тун (tun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: tung⁴
    • Yale: tùhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông
    • Tâi-lô: tông
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doong
    • IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³/

Definitions

砼

1. (technical) concrete

Usage notes

• Technical; the common name is 混凝土 (hùnníngtǔ).

Synonyms

• 三合土 (sānhétǔ, “lime-sand-clay mixture”)
• 三和土 (¹se-wu-thu) (Shanghainese)
• 混凝土
• 灰塗／灰涂 (“lime-sand-clay mixture”) (Hokkien)
• 石屎 (shíshǐ) (chiefly Cantonese)