šis

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Latvian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (this). (Note that, since Proto-Baltic regularly yields Latvian s, the original form of this pronoun must have been *sis; the initial š is probably the result of extension from other forms, like the masculine genitive singular šā < *syā < *siā.) Cognates include Lithuanian šìs, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (this side of).[1]

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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šis (demonstrative, proximal) (distal: tas)

  1. (used as a determiner) this
    šis ūdens ir netīrsthis water is dirty
    šī izrāde bija ļoti interesantathis show was very interesting
    šai miglā es nekā neredzu!in this fog I don't (= can't) see anything!
  2. (used as a pronoun) this, this one
    šis ir zirgsthis is a horse
    šī ir vistathis is a chicken
    šis nekā neatbildējathis one (= person) answered nothing

Declension

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Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “šis”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca[1] (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Balto-Slavic *śís, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱís, an alteration of *ḱe (this). Cognates include Latvian šis, Old Prussian schis, sis, Proto-Slavic *sь, Gothic 𐌷𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰 (himma) (dative), Latin cis (this side of).

Pronunciation

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Pronoun

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šìs (demonstrative, proximal); (distal: tas)

  1. (used as a determiner) this
    šìs vanduõ yrà pur̃vinasthis water is dirty
    šì laidà bùvo labaĩ į̃domithis TV show was very interesting
    šiamè rūkè àš negaliù nematýti!I can't see anything in this fog!

Declension

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Derived terms

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