αὐτός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain. Perhaps from αὖ (au, “back, again, other”) + τόν (ton, “the”). Could also be from a Proto-Indo-European *h₂eutos, with cognates such as Gothic 𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (auths).

Pronunciation

• (5th BC Attic): IPA: /a͜ʊtós/

• (1st BC Egyptian): IPA: /aʍtós/

• (4th AD Koine): IPA: /aɸtós/

• (10th AD Byzantine): IPA: /aftós/

• (15th AD Constantinopolitan): IPA: /aftós/

Pronoun

αὐτός m , αὐτή f, αὐτό n; first/second declension; (autos)

1. 3rd person personal pronoun: he, she, it, they
2. Self: himself, herself, itself, themselves
3. Same

Usage notes

The intended sense of αὐτός is generally defined by its grammatical context. When used as a lone nominal, it is generally the third person personal pronoun. When appended to a nominal and not possessing the definite article it is "self". When appended to a nominal and possessing the definite article, it is "same".

Inflection

    Inflection

Number	Singular				Dual				Plural
Case \ Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter		Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	αὐτός	αὐτή	αὐτό		αὐτώ	αὐτά	αὐτώ		αὐτοί	αὐταί	αὐτά
Genitive	αὐτοῦ	αὐτῆς	αὐτοῦ		αὐτοῖν	αὐταῖν	αὐτοῖν		αὐτῶν	αὐτῶν	αὐτῶν
Dative	αὐτῷ	αὐτῇ	αὐτῷ		αὐτοῖν	αὐταῖν	αὐτοῖν		αὐτοῖς	αὐταῖς	αὐτοῖς
Accusative	αὐτόν	αὐτήν	αὐτό		αὐτώ	αὐτά	αὐτώ		αὐτούς	αὐτάς	αὐτά

References

• Smyth, A Greek Grammar
• Robert S. P. Beekes (2009) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Brill Academic Publishers)