ցամաք
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Armenian
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]dialects
- dialectal forms recorded in dialectological notation
- ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) — Agulis, Akhaltsikhe, Goris, Ararat, Kharberd, Erzurum, Karabakh, Maragheh, Nor Nakhichevan, Shamakhi, Constantinople, New Julfa, Tekirdağ, Sivas, Salmas, Suceava, Tbilisi
- ցամաքյ (cʻamakʻy) — Van
- ցամաք (cʻamakʻ), ցամաʾ (cʻamaʾ) — Aslanbeg
- ցա̈մաքյ (cʻämakʻy) — Moks
- ցա̈մա̈ք (cʻämäkʻ) — Diyarbakır
- ցամակ (cʻamak) — Alashkert, Mush
- ցօմաք (cʻōmakʻ) — Hamshen
- ցամօք (cʻamōkʻ) — Haçin
- ցամոք (cʻamokʻ), ցամօք (cʻamōkʻ) — Zeitun
- ցա̈մո̈ւք (cʻämükʻ) — Svedia
Etymology
[edit]From Old Armenian ցամաք (cʻamakʻ).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Eastern Armenian) IPA(key): /t͡sʰɑˈmɑkʰ/, [t͡sʰɑmɑ́kʰ]
- (Western Armenian) IPA(key): /t͡sɑˈmɑk/, [t͡sʰɑmɑ́kʰ]
Audio (Eastern Armenian): (file)
Adjective
[edit]ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ) (superlative ամենացամաք)
Declension
[edit]| nominalized, i-type (Eastern Armenian) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքներ (cʻamakʻner) | ||
| dative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքների (cʻamakʻneri) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքից (cʻamakʻicʻ) | ցամաքներից (cʻamakʻnericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքով (cʻamakʻov) | ցամաքներով (cʻamakʻnerov) | ||
| locative | ցամաքում (cʻamakʻum) | ցամաքներում (cʻamakʻnerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքը/ցամաքն (cʻamakʻə/cʻamakʻn) | ցամաքները/ցամաքներն (cʻamakʻnerə/cʻamakʻnern) | ||
| dative | ցամաքին (cʻamakʻin) | ցամաքներին (cʻamakʻnerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) | ցամաքներս (cʻamakʻners) | ||
| dative | ցամաքիս (cʻamakʻis) | ցամաքներիս (cʻamakʻneris) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքիցս (cʻamakʻicʻs) | ցամաքներիցս (cʻamakʻnericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքովս (cʻamakʻovs) | ցամաքներովս (cʻamakʻnerovs) | ||
| locative | ցամաքումս (cʻamakʻums) | ցամաքներումս (cʻamakʻnerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքդ (cʻamakʻd) | ցամաքներդ (cʻamakʻnerd) | ||
| dative | ցամաքիդ (cʻamakʻid) | ցամաքներիդ (cʻamakʻnerid) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքիցդ (cʻamakʻicʻd) | ցամաքներիցդ (cʻamakʻnericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքովդ (cʻamakʻovd) | ցամաքներովդ (cʻamakʻnerovd) | ||
| locative | ցամաքումդ (cʻamakʻumd) | ցամաքներումդ (cʻamakʻnerumd) | ||
Noun
[edit]ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)
- earth, dry land (as opposed to water)
- ցամաքով գնալ ― cʻamakʻov gnal ― to go by land
Declension
[edit]| i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||
| nominative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքներ (cʻamakʻner) | ||
| dative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքների (cʻamakʻneri) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքից (cʻamakʻicʻ) | ցամաքներից (cʻamakʻnericʻ) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքով (cʻamakʻov) | ցամաքներով (cʻamakʻnerov) | ||
| locative | ցամաքում (cʻamakʻum) | ցամաքներում (cʻamakʻnerum) | ||
| definite forms | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքը/ցամաքն (cʻamakʻə/cʻamakʻn) | ցամաքները/ցամաքներն (cʻamakʻnerə/cʻamakʻnern) | ||
| dative | ցամաքին (cʻamakʻin) | ցամաքներին (cʻamakʻnerin) | ||
| 1st person possessive forms (my) | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) | ցամաքներս (cʻamakʻners) | ||
| dative | ցամաքիս (cʻamakʻis) | ցամաքներիս (cʻamakʻneris) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքիցս (cʻamakʻicʻs) | ցամաքներիցս (cʻamakʻnericʻs) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքովս (cʻamakʻovs) | ցամաքներովս (cʻamakʻnerovs) | ||
| locative | ցամաքումս (cʻamakʻums) | ցամաքներումս (cʻamakʻnerums) | ||
| 2nd person possessive forms (your) | ||||
| nominative | ցամաքդ (cʻamakʻd) | ցամաքներդ (cʻamakʻnerd) | ||
| dative | ցամաքիդ (cʻamakʻid) | ցամաքներիդ (cʻamakʻnerid) | ||
| ablative | ցամաքիցդ (cʻamakʻicʻd) | ցամաքներիցդ (cʻamakʻnericʻd) | ||
| instrumental | ցամաքովդ (cʻamakʻovd) | ցամաքներովդ (cʻamakʻnerovd) | ||
| locative | ցամաքումդ (cʻamakʻumd) | ցամաքներումդ (cʻamakʻnerumd) | ||
Related terms
[edit]- ցամաքային (cʻamakʻayin)
References
[edit]- Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ցամաք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 448
Old Armenian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]According to Martirosyan, inherited from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm (“earth”) via Pre-Armenian *dʰǵʰm̥m-eh₂-k-eh₂-.[1] He does not accept the proposals which link the word with Sanskrit क्षाम (kṣāmá, “scorched, singed”), because they usually reconstruct initial Proto-Indo-European *ks-, which in Armenian probably yields չ- (čʻ-) (compare չոր (čʻor)).
Ačaṙyan rejects the Indo-European origin of the word altogether and considers ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) a Semitic borrowing, comparing Hebrew צמק (ṣmq, “to dry, shrivel”), Arabic صامق (ṣāmiq, “thirsty; hungry”).[2] The Hebrew was first linked by Margoliouth.[3] Compare also Aramaic [script needed] (ṣmq, “to be dried up”).[4] See also Middle Armenian սմքել (smkʻel, “to shrivel”).
Adjective
[edit]ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)
- dry, arid
- ցամաք կղզի ― cʻamakʻ kłzi ― peninsula
- ցամաք երկիր ― cʻamakʻ erkir ― dry land
- հաց ցամաք ― hacʻ cʻamakʻ ― dry bread
- ցամաք փայտ ― cʻamakʻ pʻayt ― dry wood
- ցամաք աչօք ― cʻamakʻ ačʻōkʻ ― with tearless or dry eyes
Declension
[edit]i-a-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքք (cʻamakʻkʻ) | |
| genitive | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| dative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| accusative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) | |
| ablative | ցամաքէ (cʻamakʻē) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| instrumental | ցամաքաւ (cʻamakʻaw) | ցամաքաւք = ցամաքօք (cʻamakʻawkʻ = cʻamakʻōkʻ) | |
| locative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) |
Noun
[edit]ցամաք • (cʻamakʻ)
- dryness
- զցամաք ծարաւոյն շիջուցանել ― zcʻamakʻ carawoyn šiǰucʻanel ― to quench or allay thirst
- earth, dry land (as opposed to water)
- յածիլ ընդ ծով եւ ընդ ցամաք ― yacil ənd cov ew ənd cʻamakʻ ― to scour sea and land
- անցանել ընդ ցամաք ― ancʻanel ənd cʻamakʻ ― to pass dry-footed, dry-shod
- ելանել/իջանել ի ցամաք ― elanel/iǰanel i cʻamakʻ ― to land, to go ashore or on shore
- հասանել ի ցամաք ― hasanel i cʻamakʻ ― to reach the shore
- ցամաք երթալ, անցանել ― cʻamakʻ ertʻal, ancʻanel ― to travel by land
Declension
[edit]i-a-type
| singular | plural | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքք (cʻamakʻkʻ) | |
| genitive | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| dative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| accusative | ցամաք (cʻamakʻ) | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) | |
| ablative | ցամաքէ (cʻamakʻē) | ցամաքաց (cʻamakʻacʻ) | |
| instrumental | ցամաքաւ (cʻamakʻaw) | ցամաքաւք = ցամաքօք (cʻamakʻawkʻ = cʻamakʻōkʻ) | |
| locative | ցամաքի (cʻamakʻi) | ցամաքս (cʻamakʻs) |
Derived terms
[edit]- անցամաքելի (ancʻamakʻeli)
- դալարացամաք (dalaracʻamakʻ)
- հրաշացամաքութիւն (hrašacʻamakʻutʻiwn)
- մեծացամաք (mecacʻamakʻ)
- ցամաքաբնակ (cʻamakʻabnak)
- ցամաքաթեւ (cʻamakʻatʻew)
- ցամաքական (cʻamakʻakan)
- ցամաքակէտ (cʻamakʻakēt)
- ցամաքայատակ (cʻamakʻayatak)
- ցամաքային (cʻamakʻayin)
- ցամաքանամ (cʻamakʻanam)
- ցամաքաչափութիւն (cʻamakʻačʻapʻutʻiwn)
- ցամաքեմ (cʻamakʻem)
- ցամաքեցուցանեմ (cʻamakʻecʻucʻanem)
- ցամաքեցուցիչ (cʻamakʻecʻucʻičʻ)
- ցամաքընթաց (cʻamakʻəntʻacʻ)
- ցամաքիմ (cʻamakʻim)
- ցամաքիչ (cʻamakʻičʻ)
- ցամաքութիւն (cʻamakʻutʻiwn)
- ցամաքումն (cʻamakʻumn)
- ցամաքուտ (cʻamakʻut)
Descendants
[edit]- Armenian: ցամաք (cʻamakʻ)
References
[edit]- ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) “c‘amak‘”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 621–623
- ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “ցամաք”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 448
- ^ The template Template:R:xcl:Margoliouth:1900 does not use the parameter(s):
page=333b
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Markōliōtʻ, S. (1900) “Hayerēnn ibr mekničʻ ebrayecʻerēni [Armenian as an Interpreter of Hebrew]”, in Biwrakn[1] (in Armenian), number 22, translated by Yakob S. Iynēčean, Constantinople, page 355a - ^ “ṣmq”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Further reading
[edit]- Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “ցամաք”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1836–1837) “ցամաք”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
- Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 499
- Pokorny, Julius (1959) “k̂sā-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 624
- Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 71
- J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “ցամաք”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 741ab
Categories:
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- Armenian lemmas
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- Old Armenian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
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- Old Armenian terms derived from Semitic languages
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