عفو

Arabic

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ʕafw/

Noun

عَفْو • (ʕafw) m

1. verbal noun of عَفَا (ʕafā) (form I)
2. pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins, amnesty, absolution
3. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 2:219:

     وَيَسْأَلُونَكَ مَاذَا يُنْفِقُونَ قُلِ ٱلْعَفْوَ

     wayasʔalūnaka māḏā yunfiqūna quli l-ʕafwa

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of noun عَفْو (ʕafw)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	عَفْو ʕafw	الْعَفْو al-ʕafw	عَفْو ʕafw
Nominative	عَفْوٌ ʕafwun	الْعَفْوُ al-ʕafwu	عَفْوُ ʕafwu
Accusative	عَفْوًا ʕafwan	الْعَفْوَ al-ʕafwa	عَفْوَ ʕafwa
Genitive	عَفْوٍ ʕafwin	الْعَفْوِ al-ʕafwi	عَفْوِ ʕafwi

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: əfv
• → Chagatai: عَفْو
  • Uzbek: afv
• → Northern Kurdish: efû
• → Ottoman Turkish: عفو (ʻafv)
  • Turkish: af
• → Persian: عفو ('afv)
• → Urdu: عفو

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʕa.fuww/

Adjective

عَفُوّ • (ʕafuww)

1. remitting much, clement, inclined to frequent pardon
   • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 4:149:

     إِنْ تُبْدُوا خَيْرًا أَوْ تُخْفُوهُ أَوْ تَعْفُوا عَنْ سُوءٍ فَإِنَّ اللَّٰهَ كَانَ عَفُوًّا قَدِيرًا

     ʔin tubdū ḵayran ʔaw tuḵfūhu ʔaw taʕfū ʕan sūʔin faʔinna llāha kāna ʕafuwwan qadīran

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

Declension of adjective عَفُوّ (ʕafuww)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفُوّ ʕafuww	الْعَفُوّ al-ʕafuww	عَفُوّ ʕafuww	الْعَفُوّ al-ʕafuww
Nominative	عَفُوٌّ ʕafuwwun	الْعَفُوُّ al-ʕafuwwu	عَفُوٌّ ʕafuwwun	الْعَفُوُّ al-ʕafuwwu
Accusative	عَفُوًّا ʕafuwwan	الْعَفُوَّ al-ʕafuwwa	عَفُوًّا ʕafuwwan	الْعَفُوَّ al-ʕafuwwa
Genitive	عَفُوٍّ ʕafuwwin	الْعَفُوِّ al-ʕafuwwi	عَفُوٍّ ʕafuwwin	الْعَفُوِّ al-ʕafuwwi
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	عَفُوَّيْن ʕafuwwayn	الْعَفُوَّيْن al-ʕafuwwayn	عَفُوَّيْن ʕafuwwayn	الْعَفُوَّيْن al-ʕafuwwayn
Nominative	عَفُوَّانِ ʕafuwwāni	الْعَفُوَّانِ al-ʕafuwwāni	عَفُوَّانِ ʕafuwwāni	الْعَفُوَّانِ al-ʕafuwwāni
Accusative	عَفُوَّيْنِ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ al-ʕafuwwayni	عَفُوَّيْنِ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ al-ʕafuwwayni
Genitive	عَفُوَّيْنِ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ al-ʕafuwwayni	عَفُوَّيْنِ ʕafuwwayni	الْعَفُوَّيْنِ al-ʕafuwwayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	plural unknown		plural unknown
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Nominative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Accusative	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?
Genitive	? ?	? ?	? ?	? ?

Descendants

• → Azerbaijani: əfüvv
• → Chagatai: عَفُوّ
  • Uzbek: afuvv
• → Kazakh: ғапу (ğapu)
• → Ottoman Turkish: عفو (ʻafüvv)
  • Turkish: afüvv
• → Tatar: гафу (ğafu)
• → Persian: عفو ('afovv)
• → Urdu: عفو

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

Noun

عفو • (ʻafv)

1. a forgiving, forgiveness, pardon
2. an excusing from some duty
3. a dismissing or releasing from some office, dismissal; release

Derived terms

• عفو اتمك (ʻafv etmek)
• عفو اولمق (ʻafv olmak)
• عفو اولنمز (ʻafv olunmaz)
• عفو اولنمق (ʻafv olunmak)
• عفو عمومی (ʻafv-ı ʻumûmî)

Descendants

• Turkish: af

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[1], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, pages 1308–1309

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

Adjective

عفو • (ʻafüvv)

1. habitually forgiving
2. all-forgiving (God)

Descendants

• Turkish: afüvv

References

• Redhouse, James W. (1890) “عفو”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎^[2], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1309

Persian

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔafw]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäfw]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäfw]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔäfw]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔäfw]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæfv]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔäfw]

Readings
Classical reading?	afw
Dari reading?	afw
Iranian reading?	afv
Tajik reading?	afv

Noun

عفو • ('afv)

1. erasing, cancelling, obliterating
2. effacing the vestiges of the house, covering them with dust (wind)
3. forgiving, passing by a transgression
4. remitting punishment
5. loathing anything
6. pardon, forgiveness, remission of sins

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ʔa.fuww]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.fʊww]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.fʊww]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔä.fʊww]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔä.fuww]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔæfov]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔä.fuww]

Readings
Classical reading?	afuww
Dari reading?	afuww
Iranian reading?	ʔafov
Tajik reading?	afuvv

Adjective

عفو • ('afovv)

1. one who forgives much

   عفو و غفور ― 'afovv va ğafur ― (God) the pardoner and forgiver

References

• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “عفو”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “عفو”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

Urdu

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Arabic عَفْو (ʕafw).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)əfʋ/

Noun

عفو • ('afv) m

1. absolution, forgiveness, pardon, remission (of sins)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic عَفُوّ (ʕafuww).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Urdu) IPA^(key): /(ʔ)ə.fʊʋʋ/

Adjective

عفو • ('afuvv)

1. forgiving, merciful

References

• “عفو”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
• Platts, John T. (1884) “عفو”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• “عفو”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.