छल

Hindi

Etymology

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀙𑀮 (chala), from Sanskrit छल (chala).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /t͡ʃʰəl/, [t͡ʃʰɐl]
• Rhymes: -əl

Noun

छल • (chal) m (Urdu spelling چهل)

1. fraud, deceit; excuse

   Synonyms: धोखा (dhokhā), कपट (kapaṭ)

2. ruse, ploy, plot

Declension

Declension of छल (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	छल chal	छल chal
oblique	छल chal	छलों chalõ
vocative	छल chal	छलो chalo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “छल”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
• Platts, John T. (1884) “छल”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
• Bahri, Hardev (1989) “छल”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative forms

• chala (Latin script)
• 𑀙𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ছল (Bengali script)
• ඡල (Sinhalese script)
• ဆလ or ꧡလ (Burmese script)
• ฉล or ฉะละ (Thai script)
• ᨨᩃ (Tai Tham script)
• ຉລ or ຉະລະ (Lao script)
• ឆល (Khmer script)
• 𑄍𑄣 (Chakma script)

Noun

छल n

1. Devanagari script form of chala

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts

• ছল (Assamese script)
• ᬙᬮ (Balinese script)
• ছল (Bengali script)
• 𑰔𑰩 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀙𑀮 (Brahmi script)
• ဆလ (Burmese script)
• છલ (Gujarati script)
• ਛਲ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌛𑌲 (Grantha script)
• ꦖꦭ (Javanese script)
• 𑂓𑂪 (Kaithi script)
• ಛಲ (Kannada script)
• ឆល (Khmer script)
• ຉລ (Lao script)
• ഛല (Malayalam script)
• ᡮᠠᠯᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘔𑘩 (Modi script)
• ᠼᠠᠯᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑦴𑧉 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐕𑐮 (Newa script)
• ଛଲ (Odia script)
• ꢘꢭ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆗𑆬 (Sharada script)
• 𑖔𑖩 (Siddham script)
• ඡල (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩢𑩽 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚐𑚥 (Takri script)
• ச²ல (Tamil script)
• ఛల (Telugu script)
• ฉล (Thai script)
• ཚ་ལ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒕𑒪 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨤𑨬 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From the root छल् (chal).

Pronunciation

• (Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕʰɐ.lɐ/
• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ɕʰɐ.l̪ɐ/

Noun

छल • (chala) stem, n

1. fraud, deceit, sham, guise, pretence, delusion, semblance, fiction, feint, trick, fallacy
2. deceitful disputation, perverting the sense of words
3. wickedness

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of छल (chala)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	छलम् chalam	छले chale	छलानि / छला¹ chalāni / chalā¹
Vocative	छल chala	छले chale	छलानि / छला¹ chalāni / chalā¹
Accusative	छलम् chalam	छले chale	छलानि / छला¹ chalāni / chalā¹
Instrumental	छलेन chalena	छलाभ्याम् chalābhyām	छलैः / छलेभिः¹ chalaiḥ / chalebhiḥ¹
Dative	छलाय chalāya	छलाभ्याम् chalābhyām	छलेभ्यः chalebhyaḥ
Ablative	छलात् chalāt	छलाभ्याम् chalābhyām	छलेभ्यः chalebhyaḥ
Genitive	छलस्य chalasya	छलयोः chalayoḥ	छलानाम् chalānām
Locative	छले chale	छलयोः chalayoḥ	छलेषु chaleṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “छल”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 405.