攀援

Chinese

		climb up; pull	to help; to assist; to aid
simp. and trad. (攀援)		攀	援
alternative forms		攀緣／攀缘

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): pānyuán

  (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢ ㄩㄢˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): paan¹ wun⁴
• Eastern Min (BUC): păng-uòng

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: pānyuán
    • Zhuyin: ㄆㄢ ㄩㄢˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: panyuán
    • Wade–Giles: pʻan¹-yüan²
    • Yale: pān-ywán
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: panyuan
    • Palladius: паньюань (panʹjuanʹ)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰän⁵⁵ ɥɛn³⁵/
    • Homophones:

      [Show/Hide]
      edit edit 攀援 攀緣／攀缘

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: paan¹ wun⁴
    • Yale: pāan wùhn
    • Cantonese Pinyin: paan¹ wun⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: pan¹ wun⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaːn⁵⁵ wuːn²¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 攀援 攀緣／攀缘

• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: păng-uòng
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰaŋ⁵⁵ ^(Ø-)ŋuoŋ⁵³/

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• Middle Chinese: phaen hjwon|hjwenH

Rime
Character	攀	援	援
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	滂 (2)	云 (35)	云 (35)
Final (韻)	刪 (69)	元 (66)	仙 (80)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed	Closed
Division (等)	II	III	III
Fanqie	普班切	雨元切	王眷切
Baxter	phaen	hjwon	hjwenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pʰˠan/	/ɦʉɐn/	/ɦˠiuᴇnH/
Pan Wuyun	/pʰᵚan/	/ɦʷiɐn/	/ɦʷᵚiɛnH/
Shao Rongfen	/pʰɐn/	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣiuænH/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/pʰaɨn/	/ɦuan/	/ɦwianH/
Li Rong	/pʰan/	/ɣiuɐn/	/ɣjuɛnH/
Wang Li	/pʰan/	/ɣĭwɐn/	/ɣĭwɛnH/
Bernard Karlgren	/pʰan/	/i̯wɐn/	/i̯wɛnH/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	pān	yuán	yuàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	paan1	jyun4	jyun6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤran  [ɢ]ʷa[n]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*pʰraːn  ɢʷans|ɢʷan/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	攀	援
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	pān	yuán
Middle Chinese	‹ phæn ›	‹ hjwon ›
Old Chinese	/*pʰˁran/	/*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
English	pull oneself up	pull up
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	攀	援	援
Reading #	1/1	1/2	2/2
No.	2937	16167	16175
Phonetic component	棥	爰	爰
Rime group	元	元	元
Rime subdivision	1	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	攀	瑗	袁
Old Chinese	/*pʰraːn/	/*ɢʷans/	/*ɢʷan/

Verb

攀援

1. Alternative form of 攀緣／攀缘 (pānyuán, “to climb; to clamber; to scale”)
2. Alternative form of 攀緣／攀缘 (pānyuán, “to climb a social ladder through pull”)