込む

Japanese

Kanji in this term

込

Pronunciation

• Kun'yomi
• IPA: [ko̞.mɯᵝ]
• こ​む (Atamadaka)

Alternative forms

• 混む
• 籠む

Verb

込む (godan conjugation, hiragana こむ, romaji komu)

1. be crowded
2. be complicated
3. go into, go in
4. put into
5. become some state completely
6. do thoroughly
7. remain in the same state, such as remain sitting or remain silent

Usage notes

Commonly used as a light verb (second verb) in Japanese compound verbs, primarily showing emphasis, sometimes negative or violent, often with a sense of “enter” or “fill”, as in ねじ込む (nejikomu, “screw in, jam in, stuff in”).

Conjugation

Conjugation of "込む" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms	Imperfective (未然形)	込ま	こま	koma
	Continuative (連用形)	込み	こみ	komi
	Terminal (終止形)	込む	こむ	komu
	Attributive (連体形)	込む	こむ	komu
	Hypothetical (仮定形)	込め	こめ	kome
	Imperative (命令形)	込め	こめ	kome
Key constructions	Passive	込まれる	こまれる	komareru
	Causative	込ませる 込ます	こませる こます	komaseru komasu
	Potential	込める	こめる	komeru
	Volitional	込もう	こもう	komō
	Negative	込まない	こまない	komanai
	Negative continuative	込まず	こまず	komazu
	Formal	込みます	こみます	komimasu
	Perfective	込んだ	こんだ	konda
	Conjunctive	込んで	こんで	konde
	Hypothetical conditional	込めば	こめば	komeba