ꜥtḫ

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɑːtɛx/
  • Conventional anglicization: atekh

Verb

 3-lit.

1. (transitive) to press (a dough or mash) through a sieve or cloth, to strain, to sieve, especially in brewing beer or preparing medicines [since the Old Kingdom]

   ― šbb ꜥtḫ ― to knead and press to completion

2. (transitive) to press (grapes) for making wine

Inflection

Conjugation of ꜥtḫ (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: ꜥtḫ, geminated stem: ꜥtḫḫ

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫw, ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫt	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫ

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
ꜥtḫ	ḥr ꜥtḫ	m ꜥtḫ	r ꜥtḫ

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	ꜥtḫ.n	ꜥtḫw, ꜥtḫ	consecutive	ꜥtḫ.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	ꜥtḫt
perfective3	ꜥtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	ꜥtḫ.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	ꜥtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫḫ	potentialis1	ꜥtḫ.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	ꜥtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	ꜥtḫ.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	ꜥtḫ	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫw5, ꜥtḫy5
imperfective	ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫy, ꜥtḫw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫj6, ꜥtḫy6	ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫw5
prospective	ꜥtḫ, ꜥtḫtj7	—	ꜥtḫtj4, ꜥtḫt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ꜥtḫ  

jtḫ	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫ	ꜥtḫw	ꜥtḫ
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[18th Dynasty]	[New Kingdom]	[Greco-Roman Period]
		abbreviation; in hieratic	in hieratic

References

• “ꜥtḫ (lemma ID 41820)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 236.13–237.4
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 51