User:Dan Polansky

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Dan Polansky is a contributor of translations between English and Czech. His mother tongue is Czech. And, this time in person, I just love Wiktionary!

Wiktionary:Babel
cs Tomuto uživateli je čeština mateřským jazykem.
en-3 This user is able to contribute with an advanced level of English.
de-2 Dieser Benutzer hat fortgeschrittene Deutschkenntnisse.
sk-1 Tento redaktor má základné znalosti slovenčiny.
ru-1 Этот участник владеет русским языком на начальном уровне.
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utc+1 Timezone: UTC+1.

Admins | Idioms | Glossary | Sources | Todo |Webster

Contents

[edit] Why

Why should I and others contribute Czech translations to English Wiktionary:

Do you want to help us building the Czech part of English Wiktionary? See Wiktionary:About Czech and Wiktionary:Requested entries:Czech.

Summary of benefits for Czech native speakers; see detail in /Motivation:

  • Translations CZ <-> EN, the language with vast information resources
  • Translations CZ <-> Any
  • English definitions
  • Czech synonyms
  • English synonyms
  • English semantic network – synonyms, antonyms, hyponyms, hypernyms, meronyms, holonyms
  • Czech related terms
  • English related terms
  • English etymologies – suggest the etymologies for Czech non-native words such as "argumentace"
  • Browsing by topic categories – such as "Communication"
  • Pictures – get an idea
  • Patterns in language families
  • Metaphors in different languages
  • Links to Wikipedia
  • Basis for non-Czech Wiktionaries
  • Everything else – all kinds of information artifacts for other languages including Latin, Ancient Greek, German, Spanish, French, Chinese, documented in the world's lingua franca—English, which has replaced Latin as the language of international scientific communication

[edit] Adjectives

Adjectives with multiple genders:

  • Example: noční.
  • Problem: currently, set like noční m. But it also applies to feminine and neuter.
  • Solutions:
No. Solution Note
1 noční m f n
  1. nocturnal
 At this point, I seem to prefer this one.
2 noční m, f, n
  1. nocturnal
 I have seen this at some entries, created manually.
3 noční m

noční f

noční n

  1. nocturnal
 Takes a lot of space. What is the advantage, after all?
4 noční
  1. nocturnal
 Rather not. As Czech has gendered adjectives, the genders of the entry should be more explicit.
  • Model language: unknown.
  • Handling in the cs-adj template: new gender 'a', meaning all, used like { { cs-adj|g=a } }.
  • To be decided, if possible by modeling on other languages, and consulting other people.

Comparatives and superlatives in Czech adjectives

  • case: snazší, snadnější; nejsnazší, nejsnadnější
  • markup on the inflection line: undetermined

[edit] Admins

[edit] Ancient Greek

  • WT:AAGR
  • Diacritics (also W:Greek_alphabet#Greek_in_Unicode)
    • acute –  ́ – άέίόύώή
    • circumflex – ͂ – ᾶῖῦῶῆ – example words: γλῶσσα, ἰῶτα
    • rough breathing mark – ̔ – ἁἑἱὁἡὑ – All words which start with a vowel have a breathing mark, says WT:AAGR
    • smooth breathing mark – ᾽ – ἀἐἰὀἠὐ – All words which start with a vowel have a breathing mark, says WT:AAGR
    • diaeresis – ¨ – example word: Καϊάφας
    • macron – ˉ – āēī – Should not be used in an entry title, says WT:AAGR
    • breve – ˘ – ăĕĭ – Should not be used in an entry title, says WT:AAGR
  • Combined diacritics
    • acute and smooth breathing mark – ἄἔἴ – ἔτος
    • circumflex and smooth breathing mark – ἦ - ἦθος
  • Romanization(*)
    • omega -> ō
    • etha -> ē
  • Recent changes
  • People: Atelaes (grc-1), Flyax (el), Omnipaedista (grc-3)
  • Verification

[edit] Animacy

  • BP: "Russian noun stuff", April 2009 - the value of animacy information in Russian entries

[edit] API

[edit] Apostrophe

[edit] Articles

  • Articles in the definitions, such as "A " in "A man-made body of water."
    • Also "The " in some proper nouns and "To " in verbs.
  • Lexicographical precedent
  • Distinguishing nouns and verbs
  • Indication of countability
  • BP: "Redundant articles?", August 2009

[edit] Blocking policy

  • BP: Propose change in the blocking policy, March 2009

[edit] Categories

{{nav|lang=cs|langname=Czech|current=Pathology|parent=Medicine}}

[edit] Category for categories

There is a host of terms that I would like to see in a common category. It is just that I do not know any name for that category. The terms that I mean are the vague synonyms for category, used in various contexts:

Term Context Note
category Philosophy ; Mathematics ; Topology
type Philosophy ; Mathematics ; Programming ; Sociology
class Programming ; Sociology ; Transportation
group Mathematics ; Sociology ; Computing
kind
sort
family Biology
genus Biology
genre Literature ; Media

Solved. See Wikisaurus:class.

[edit] Change of state

  • Generic: make <adjective> (active, subject is operator), get <adjective>, become <adjective> (passive, subject is operand)
  • -en: embolden, darken, blacken, harden, ...

[edit] Chinese

Structure of the topics and options:

  • Topics or questions, then options
    • T1: topic: the placement of Chinese translations in the "====Translation====" section of the "==English==" section
      • O11: option: use "* Chinese" and "** Mandarin" and "** Min Nan"
      • O12: option: use "* Mandarin" and "* Min Nan", to the exclusion of "* Chinese", making the two stand apart
      • O13: option: use "* Mandarin" and "* Min Nan"; let Chinese redirect to Mandarin by using "* Chinese: See Mandarin"
      • O14: option: use "* Mandarin Chinese" and "* Min Nan Chinese", to the exclusion of "* Chinese", making the two stand apart
      • O15: option: other, unspecified
    • T2: topic: the naming of Chinese L2 headings
      • O21: option: allow "Chinese", "Mandarin", "Min Nan" at the headings of level 2, with "Chinese" defaulting to mean "Mandarin"
      • O22: option: discourage "Chinese" at the headings of level 2; only use "Mandarin", "Min Nan", etc.
      • O23: option: have "Mandarin Chinese", "Min Nan Chinese" at the headings of level 2
      • O24: option: other, unspecified

[edit] Coinages

The following coinages of mine are, of course, not entered into Wiktionary:

Coinages
Czech English Replacing Current meaning Note
paretovská optimalita Pareto optimality Pareto optimalita N/A
řadice tuple uspořádaná n-tice some kind of device Models: řada, dvojice, trojice, seřazený, řádek (in a database table)
přitahovač attractor atraktor a specific muscle. Models: přitažlivý, přitažlivost, přitahovat
dušeléčba psychotherapy psychoterapie Models: vodoléčba. Alternative: ducholéčba.
potlačovač inhibitor inhibitor See also tlumič
  • hash function: míchací funkce, zamíchací funkce, gulášová funkce (preferred; "mám v tom pěknej guláš"; "hash" is also a kind of food from chopped meat), kašová funkce (but: kaše need not be mixed up, and does not consist of discrete pieces).
  • debugger: ladička (to debug - ladit; already denotes the tuner of musical instruments), mucholapka ("má to ještě své mouchy", both bug and moucha are insects)

[edit] Collective noun

[edit] Collocation

  • collocation – 2. The statistically significant collocation of particular words in a language. 1. The grouping or juxtaposition of things, especially words or sounds.
  • WP-def: A sequence of words or terms which cooccur more often than would be expected by chance.
  • A collocation of two words need not be a phrase; the collocated words need not come next to each other[verify].
    • "Little and few are also incomplete negatives; note the frequent collocation with no: there is little or no danger."
  • fis.edu: Collocation
  • See also #Object model

[edit] Compounds

[edit] Context labels

  • Wiktionary:Context labels
  • Category:Context labels
  • Classification - from Wiktionary:Context labels
    • Topical labels -- identify usage in a technical or specialized subject field: medicine, banking, etc.
    • Regional labels -- identify dialect or regionalism: Australia, Flemish, etc.
    • Grammatical context labels -- identify the part of speech or grammatical function of the sense: auxiliary, uncountable, etc.
    • Usage labels -- identify other contexts: archaic, obsolete, historical, slang, vulgar, colloquial, formal, informal, etc.
    • Qualifiers -- modify other context labels: chiefly, etc.
  • Definitions
  • Votes
  • Positions
    • Removal of pseudo-context labels - Michael Zajac, EncycloPetey
    • Keeping of pseudo-context labels - probably supported by Stephen G. Brown
  • Discussions
    • BP, "template:mammal", October 2009
  • Pseudo-context templates
    • {{mammal}} - see its RFDO
    • {{reptile}}
    • {{amphibian}}
    • organic compound, pharmaceutical drug, protein, fish, bird, amino acid, birds, carbohydrate, carbohydrates, chemical compound, inorganic compound, chemical element, element, chess piece, city, coenzyme, color, colour, computer language, genre, genres, insect, mushroom, mushrooms, plant, plants, enzyme[8]

[edit] Corpus

[edit] Customizing

Customizing of appearance of Wiktionary:

[edit] Czech

Sources on the Czech languages, especially Czech grammar:

[edit] Czech section - contributors

User Contribs Tongue Czech Entries Since Last CS Contrib Note
User:Duncan MacCall contribs native CZ August 2008
User:Karelklic contribs native CZ September 2008
User:-xfi- contribs native CZ July 2006 Dec 2007
User:Shoehorn contribs native CZ? August 2004 May 2007
User:V-ball contribs native EN Nov 2006 April 2007 Few Czech edits
User:PullUpYourSocks contribs March 2006 July 2007

[edit] Czech Wiktionary - activity

The only person regularly adding entries to the Czech Wiktionary is currently -xfi-, at the rate of 1.43 entries per day based on the last 14 days activity. As of 20 December 2007

[edit] Czech on other Wiktionaries

Language Date # Czech Nouns Note Link
DE 4.2.2008 1200 Czech nouns
DE 20.2.2009 1220 Czech nouns
FR 4.2.2008 700 Czech nouns
FR 20.2.2009 1400 Czech nouns
CS 4.2.2008 1600 Many foreign words included. Czech nouns, Recent Changes
CS 20.2.2009 2330 Many foreign words included. Czech nouns, Recent Changes
RU 19.2.2008 700 Czech nouns
RU 20.2.2009 1270 Czech nouns
PL 19.6.2009 Czech terms: 8200 Czech terms

[edit] Degrees

The adverbs for degrees, some for scales between 0.0 and 1.0, other for open-ended scales, estimated:

  • not at all
  • slightly, a bit, a little, marginally, somewhat
  • quite
  • moderately
  • rather
  • distinctly, markedly, considerably, significantly
  • very, a lot
  • extremely, exceedingly
  • utterly, wholly, absolutely, fully, thoroughly, totally, completely, entirely

They come under the broader head of terms specifying a quantity.

Examples of use:

  • rather useless
  • utterly useless

Roget:

  • “Greatness” in Roget's Thesaurus, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1911.
  • “Smallness” in Roget's Thesaurus, T. Y. Crowell Co., 1911.

[edit] Derived terms

  • WT:ELE#Derived terms
  • Terms in the same language that are morphological derivatives.
  • Old revision of WT:ELE discusses whether DT should be a subheading of RT, as each derived term is also a related term.
  • Ways of derivation
    • ...
    • Back-formation

[edit] Dictionary

  • For a list of public domain dictionaries, see #Public domain sources
  • Demarcation or contradistinction:
    • Not an encyclopedia
    • Not a gazetteer—a geographic dictionary or encyclopedia, sometimes found as an index to an atlas.

[edit] Diminutive

  • English: auntie, toughie
  • German: Hörnchen, Häuschen
  • Czech: keřík, stromek, stromeček, tetička
  • W:Diminutive#English

[edit] Discussions

  • RFD "free variable", July 2009; Some of the concerned entries: algebraic number, algebraic integer, bound variable, cardinal number, complex number, free variable, imaginary number, rational number, real number, transcendental number, free software, open set, closed set, complete graph, normal distribution.
  • BP: "Drop encyclopedic categories", August 2009; I posted a taxonomy of categories there based on Mzajac's terminology.

[edit] Encyclopedicity

Encyclopedicity of dictionary:

  • encyclopedicity of inclusion of entries ("We can't include the term "A B C", as that would be too encyclopedic.")
  • encyclopedicity of definitions
  • encyclopedicity of illustrations alias images
  • encyclopedicity of categories ("We should drop topic categories such as 'Communication', as these are too encyclopedic")

[edit] Etymology

[edit] Examples

[edit] Floating

Right-floating conjugation templates:

  • BP: "Questions concerning the use, naming and placement of inflection, declension and conjugation templates for FL languages.", January 2009
    • "...I think the right-floating table idea is a good one" --Ruakh
    • "I dislike the right-floating boxes, and don't think they should ever be built into the inflection line." --EncycloPetey
    • "Right hand templates are completely unacceptable, and I very much want to see them all go away." --Atelaes
  • BP: "Wiktionary:Writing templates", April 2009
    • "If it's small, float right and don't hide." --Conrad.Irwin at Wiktionary:Writing templates
    • "...I for one prefer to avoid floating conjugation templates." --Dan Polansky
    • "I agree on the non-floating." --Bequw
    • "Non-floating templates are better." --EncycloPetey

[edit] Formatting

[edit] Front ends

Wiktionary front ends (also frontends):

  • Wapedia - complete Wiktionary, including non-English words, Wikisaurus, and de.wikt and fr.wikt but not pl.wikt
  • Ninjawords - only English terms; not all definitions included

[edit] Progress

  • All from No.1 to people (No.140)


All Czech entries[9]
Date Entries Rank
2008-05-20 9400 12
2008-03-16 8600+ 12
2008-03-03 8300+ 12
2008-02-13 7600- 12
2008-01-16 6500- 13
2008-01-02 6000- 13
2007-11-20 4700- 17
2007-10-16 3500+ 18


Czech nouns
Date Count
31 October 2009 9802
30 September 2009 9767
31 August 2009 9681
31 July 2009 9562
30 June 2009 9450
31 May 2009 9167
3 May 2009 8987
31 March 2009 8818
28 February 2009 8540
31 January 2009 8252
31 December 2008 7984
30 November 2008 7687
31 October 2008 7373
30 September 2008 7065
31 August 2008 6852
3 August 2008 6553
3 July 2008 6400
15 June 2008 6200
30 April 2008 5900
31 March 2008 5700
29 February 2008 5200
31 January 2008 4500
31 December 2007 3900-
30 November 2007 3500+
31 October 2007 2800+
30 September 2007 2400-
31 August 2007 2200-
31 July 2007 1900+
30 June 2007 1600-
12 June 2007 1400-
19 May 2007 1200+

[edit] Generators

[edit] German

==German==

===Verb===
{{infl|de|verb}}

# {{form of|Swiss Standard German spelling|genießen}}

[edit] Gerund

  • Case: swimming, climbing, doing, phasing, sleeping
  • An -ing-form usually has a noun and a verb form section.
  • An occurrence of an -ing-form such as "swimming" can be
    • (a) present participle (a verb form, "I am swimming", "I have been swimming")
    • (b) gerund (a verb form acting in part like a noun, "I like swimming", "Swimming is good for your health")
    • (c) noun ("building" – structure, "being" – creature; "several launchings"?)
  • Modification:
    • using an adjective
    • using an adverb
  • Object-taking[Brett]:
    • opening the shop
    • the opening of the shop
  • Should each gerund have a noun section?
  • Definition and clarification
    • "A gerund is a verb form that acts as a noun."[10]
    • "A gerund is the -ing form of a verb used as a noun."[11]
    • "Adams (1973:24) points out that in the gerund, the categories of noun and verb have a meeting-point."[12]
    • "A gerund is the verbal noun identical in form with any participle, simple or compound, that contains the termination -ing."[13]
    • A gerund is not a string of letters but a particular ocurrence of that string in a sentence.
    • The term "swimming" cannot be determined to be a gerund or a present participle without a sentence in which it occurs and a location in that sentence, ...
      • much like that the term "fire" cannot be determined to be a noun or a verb without its occurrence in a sentence.
  • Case: swimming at OneLook® Dictionary Search
  • {{gerund of}}
  • {{present participle of}}
  • Category:English present participles
  • Discussions
  • References

[edit] Glossary

[edit] Idioms

[edit] Images

  • Multiple images layed out side by side:
{| style="float: right; clear:right;"
|[[Image:Beinecke-library-pillar.jpg|thumb|right|100 px|Beinecke library pillar]]
|[[Image:Pelham's Pillar.jpg|thumb|right|100 px|Pelham's pillar]]
|[[Image:Roman pillar ruins.jpg|thumb|right|100 px|Roman pillar ruin]]
|}
  • [[Image:Burberry_handbag.jpg|thumb|Handbag]]
  • Pixel width. Better leave pixel width unspecified; the width of thumb pictures depends on user's style sheet.
  • Period. No period after single-element captions. See Wiktionary:Beer_parlour#Formatting_captions_of_pictures of October 2008.

[edit] Inactivity

  • {{inactive}} - for no longer active pages; for archiving as it were; "This page is no longer active. It is being kept for historical interest."

[edit] Inclusion

[edit] Inflection

[edit] Interjection

  • Category:English interjections
  • Category:Onomatopoeia
  • oops - acknowledging a minor mistake
  • ouch - pain
  • argh - annoyance, dismay, embarrassment or frustration
  • blah - mild frustration
  • brr - coldness
  • er - hesitation in speech
  • uh - confusion or uncertainty.
  • uh-oh - error, concern, awareness of a problem, or surprise
  • oh - surprise; and several other senses
  • aah - surprise; joyful pleasure
  • eh - a tag question much like "isn't it?"
  • eh - a request for repetition or clarification much like "what?"

[edit] Javascript

[edit] Latin

[edit] Layout

[edit] Lexical item

Possible hyponymy structure for lexical item:

  • lexical item
    • sentence
      • proverb – "don't cry over spilled milk"
      • phrase – "good morning", "how are you?", "merry Christmas", "don't mention it"; ambiguous term
    • morpheme
      • prefix
      • suffix
      • combining form?
      • ...
    • non-sentence and non-morpheme; term?; space-enabled word?
      • single-word term – "car", "swim"
      • multi-word term – "black hole", "look after"
      • ---
      • noun
        • common noun
        • proper noun (see)
      • adjective
      • pronoun
      • numeral
      • verb
      • adverb
        • pro-adverb – "here", "now"
        • adjective-stemming adverb – "weakly", "pointedly"
      • conjunction
      • preposition (see)
      • particle
      • interjection – "oops", "ouch"

[edit] Lexicography

Books:

  • 1998, R. R. K. Hartmann and Gregory James, Dictionary of Lexicography, Routledge
  • 2000, Henri Béjoint, Modern Lexicography
  • 2003, R. R. K. Hartmann, Lexicography

[edit] Metapolicy

[edit] Miscellaneous

  • dobro, zlo, krásno, komično
    • adjective-derived nouns, but not qualities it seems; qualities gone agents?
    • compare to German: "Das Gute hat gesiegt"
    • compare to English good—The forces or behaviors that are the enemy of evil.
    • "boj mezi dobrem a zlem"; "je to jen pro tvoje dobro"; "zdroj jistého komična"
    • "krásno" vs "krása"; "dobro" vs "dobrota"
  • How to write a dictionary definition - wikihow.com

[edit] Misspelling

[edit] Moby thesaurus

[edit] Morphology

[edit] Namespaces

Namespaces:

[edit] Negation

Negation, especially in prefixes, in English:

  • Prefixes
    • non:
    • non-:
    • un-: undo, unattractive, unsound, unequal, untreated
    • in-: incredible, intractable, intolerable, inconsistent, incongruous
    • il-: illegal, illogical, illegible
    • ir-: irrelevant, irresistible, irrational
    • im-: impossible, improbable, impractical, impenetrable
  • The preference of "non" over "non-" or the other way around varies.

[edit] Negative words

  • Category:English words with negative connotations
  • Category:English words with positive connotations
  • Positive adjectives: good, right, correct, beautiful, nice, gorgeous, intelligent, reliable, happy, merry, healthy, successful, true, faithful, genuine, interesting, entertaining, rich, sufficient, noble, desirable, advisable, benevolent, benefactor, beneficient, clean, pure, excellent, perfect, flawless, spotless, stainless, immaculate, magnificent, magnanimous, super, wonderful, great, amazing, extraordinary, grateful, satisfactory, comfortable, praiseworthy, knowledgable, tasty, optimal, ideal, legitimate, lawful, pleasant, pleasurable, pleasing, fruitful, fertile, productive, effective, efficient
  • Negative adjectives: bad, wrong, incorrect, ugly, dark, dull, stupid, unreliable, unhappy, sad, ill, failed, false, unfaithful, fake, boring, poor, beggarly, lacking, base, lowly, ignoble, undesirable, malevolent, malefactor, harmful, dirty, filthy, distasteful, regrettable, pitiable, disheartening, abject, contemptible, despicable, mean-spirited, vile, evil, worthless, cowardly, degenerate, mean, dishonorable, reproachful, shameful, disgraceful

[edit] Notes

  • The term "unsourced" is frequently used in English Wikipedia. Googling finds 2E6 hits.
  • The term "unsourcedness" has only 8 hits though.
  • salient: salient point, salient feature
  • sentence structure - frequent term

[edit] Noun form

==Czech==

===Noun===
{{cs-noun form}}

# {{form of|Genitive singular|akronym|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Dative singular|akronym|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Locative singular|akronym|lang=cs}}
  • The formatting of kola:
# {{form of|Genitive singular|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Nominative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Accusative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}
# {{form of|Vocative plural|kolo|lang=cs}}

==German==

===Noun===
'''Akrobaten''' {{m}}

# {{genitive of|[[Akrobat]]|lang=de}}

# {{plural of|[[Akrobat]]|lang=de}}
  • The formatting of jejž:
===Pronoun===
{{cs-pron|g=m}}

# {{form of|Accusative singular masculine|jenž|lang=Czech}}

[edit] Number

  • See /Number: digon, trigon; tryad, tetrad

[edit] Object model

[edit] Order

[edit] Outgoing

Project Prefix
Wikipedia W:
Wibibooks B:
Wikisource S:
Wikiquote Q:
Meta M:
Wikiversity V:
Wikinews N:
Wiktionary D:, Wikt:, Wiktionary:

[edit] Parameters

  • Enter objects of adjectives into usage notes, if deemed instructive. (Tentative.)
  • Enter subjects of verbs into usage notes, if deemed instructive. (Tentative.)
  • Enter attributes of nouns into usage notes, if deemed instructuve. (Tentative.)
    • Example in knowledge: Adjectives often used with "knowledge": extensive, deep, superficial, theoretical, practical, useful, working, encyclopedic, public, private, scientific, tacit, explicit, general, specialized, special, broad, declarative, procedural, etc.
    • Example in controversial: Nouns often used with "controversial": topic, subject, work, author, method, etc.

[edit] Parsing

[edit] Part-of-speech heading

  • part of speech heading, level-2 heading in Wiktionary entries and sometimes level-3 heading
  • values: (see also Wiktionary:Entry layout explained/POS headers)
    • noun, adjective, pronoun, verb, adverb, conjunction, interjection, preposition
    • proper noun, numeral, cardinal number, article, determiner, prefix, suffix, idiom, proverb
    • acronym, abbreviation, initialism, symbol, letter
  • notes
    • numerals
      • "three", "four", ..., "ten" have "cardinal number"
      • "eleven" has "number"
      • "five" and "hundred" have "numeral"
      • -
      • "twelfth", "sixteenth", "seventeenth" have "numeral"
      • "fourth", "thirteenth", "eighteenth" have "adjective"
    • phrases and idioms
  • discussions
  • see also #Phrase

[edit] Phrasal verbs

[edit] Phrase

  • several meanings
  • in one meaning, it may include one or more words instead of sharply requiring at least two words (so these are technically two meanings, one including single words, another excluding them)
  • see also #Set phrase
  • sometimes used in L2 headings as PoS
    • alternative: "Idiom"
    • alternative: "Interjection" - a misnomer IMHO in most cases
  • Category:Phrasebook
  • discussions
    • TR: 'all the "good"s', October 2009

[edit] Prefix

[edit] Prepositional

  • "prepositional" is an alternative name for the sixth case.
  • The sixth case is now called "locative" in {{cs-decl-noun}}.

[edit] Preposition

  • See also /Object model
  • See also /Usage
  • For examples of documenting prepositions and verbs used with various words, see:
  • Adjectives and prepositions:
    • "dependent on"
    • "independent of" - despite "dependent on"; "independent on" is much less common

[edit] Proper noun

Hyponymy structure:

  • proper noun (Wikisaurus:name)
    • one-word proper noun – "York"
    • multi-word proper noun – "New Hampshire", "New Zealand"
    • ----
    • being or creature name
      • person name
        • first name – "Joe"
        • surname – "Newton"
          • surname uniquely identifying a notable person – "Newton", "Darwin", "Jefferson"
        • full name – "Joe Newton"
      • animal name
        • dog name – "Fido", "Rex"
        • cat name – "Felix"
      • mythological being name – "Zeus" (see also Wikisaurus:god)
    • place name (includes name of Wikisaurus:landforms and more)
      • continent name (managably many)
      • country name (managably many)
      • state name
      • district name
      • city name
      • town name
      • village name
      • street name
      • river name
      • lake name
      • mountain name
      • mountain range name
      • ...

[edit] Proverbs

[edit] Pseudo-hyponym

Pseudo-hyponyms, seeming hyponyms[better term missing]:

  • Releaux triangle
  • love triangle
  • virtual reality
  • fool's gold
  • black hole

See also #Idiom.

[edit] Public domain sources

[edit] Quality

Suffixes for qualities alias properties or states or conditions:

  • -ness: goodness, darkness, kindness, brightness, completeness (tendency: Germanic roots?, but "completeness")
  • -ity: parametricity, generosity, acidity, subjectivity, additivity, separability (tendency: Latin roots?)
    • -ability: separability, repairability, enjoyability
    • -ivity: subjectivity, additivity, commutativity (rare: commutativeness)
  • -hood: likelihood, falsehood (mostly used for noun-derived qualities such as objecthood and parenthood)
  • -ry: bravery
  • -cy: normalcy

[edit] Qualifiers

[edit] Quotation marks

  • BP: "Quotation marks and terminal punctuation", September 2009
    • Subject: '"quotation marks,"' or '"quotation marks",' ?
    • "logical quotation" vs "typesetter's quotation"
    • historical artefact resulting from protection of the smallest pieces of type for the comma[Doremítzwr]
    • ----
    • British - logical quotation
    • American - typesetter's quotation

[edit] Quotations

[edit] Recent

Recent changes in Wiktionary:

[edit] Reflexive verbs

  • Put the meaning of těšit se to těšit entry, using the {{cs-reflexive}} teplate.
  • Even if no non-reflexive form exists, put to the non-reflexive form page, like in mračit se.
  • To těšit se, optionally put # {{reflexive of|těšit}}
  • Maybe create an entry for těšit se, instead of entering the term into the těšit entry. The Czech Wiktionary does it like that. Whether they have a written policy for that I do not know. A possible English model is the one of entering look forward into its own entry, which however is only distantly related to the case of těšit se.
  • However, not all the entries should get created; e.g. in holit and holit se, the use of se is completely orthogonal, as you can either "shave someone else" or "shave yourself". This is not the case with those collocations (are they collocations?) whose use is idiomatic, like těšit se, představit si.

[edit] Related terms

  • Related terms are defined as etymologically related.
  • Personal policy missing.
  • For problems with too many related terms, see žít, where the related terms živit, zažít and užít generate a host of terms related to them, resulting in a large list of items if made complete.
  • Many terms I am entering as related are in fact derived ones, but I, a non-linguist, cannot easily verify whether they really are.
  • I am now entering plenty of related (probably in fact derived) terms, as I am hiding them in the folding template, and they are so interesting.

[edit] Roget's thesaurus

[edit] Rooms

Wiktionary Rooms:

[edit] Rules

  • Put translated adjectives in masculine only.
  • Put 'I' to the left and 'J' to the right in the translation template.[20]
  • Use (italic), not (italic). (Brackets outside italic.)
  • On example sentences, see [*].
  • In quotations, put comma after the year, despite the example.[21]

[edit] Serbo-Croatian

[edit] Set phrase

  • Main subpage: /Set phrase
  • Definition: set phrase—A common expression whose wording is not subject to variation.
  • Compare to idiom—A phrase characteristic of a particular language, that cannot necessarily be fully understood from the separate meanings of the individual words which form it, but instead must be learned as a whole unit of meaning.
  • Treatment of set phrases
    • Inclusion of hi-rate set phrases and collocations is unsupported by WT:CFI.
    • Hi-rate set phrases can sneak into Wiktionary as part of example sentences.
    • I can post discovered set phrases to /Set phrase.
    • I can post constraints on the use of verbs with classes of noun to /Object model.
  • {{set phrase}}
  • See also

[edit] Signature

  • Markup: --~~~~
  • {{unsigned|Username or IP|0:00, 1 January 1970 (UTC)}}

[edit] Slovak

[edit] Sources

See also Category:Reference templates.

Free Sources
Source Note
Webster 1913 {{R:Webster 1913}}, {{webster 1913}}
Century 1911 {{R:Century 1911}}
1911 Encyclopædia Britannica {{projectlink|1911|name of article}}
Wikisource Google search

[edit] Statistics

Statistics pertaining to English Wiktionary:

[edit] Subpages

Dan Polansky/ Dan Polansky/Czech thesaurus Dan Polansky/English derivations
Dan Polansky/English suffix
 Dan Polansky/German Dan Polansky/JavaScript
Dan Polansky/Motivation Dan Polansky/Name Dan Polansky/Number
Dan Polansky/Object model Dan Polansky/Phrasal verbs Dan Polansky/Prefix
Dan Polansky/Roget/161
 Dan Polansky/Roget/161 production
Dan Polansky/Roget/17
Dan Polansky/Roget/17 similarity
Dan Polansky/Roget/505
 Dan Polansky/Roget/505 memory
Dan Polansky/Roget/693 direction Dan Polansky/Roget/699 unskillfulness Dan Polansky/Roget/713 discord
Dan Polansky/Roget/885
 Dan Polansky/Roget/885 insolence Dan Polansky/Roget/932 disapprobation
Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class I. Words Expressing Abstract Relations Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class II. Words Relating to Space
Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class III. Words Relating to Matter Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class IV. Words Relating to the Intellectual Faculties Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class V. Words Relating to the Voluntary Powers
Dan Polansky/Roget MICRA/Class VI. Words Relating to the Sentient and Moral Powers Dan Polansky/Sandbox Dan Polansky/Set phrase
Dan Polansky/Suffix Dan Polansky/Templates Dan Polansky/Usage
Dan Polansky/Verification Dan Polansky/Wikisaurus Dan Polansky/gloss
Dan Polansky/monobook.css Dan Polansky/monobook.js Dan Polansky/ness

[edit] Surnames

[edit] Category types

Category types, for the purpose of "cs:" vs "Czech ":

Category Example Note
  • Category
  • Topical category
 Category:cs:Linguistics, Category:cs:Colors
  • Non-topical category
 A category whose title refers to words, not to the objects to which they refer (Colors), neither to branch of science (Linguistics). Parent category: Category:Language?
  • PoS category
 Category:French adjectives
  • Etymology category
 Category:cs:Etymology, subcategory Category:cs:English derivations The example should better be named "Czech words by etymology"?,
  • Personal name category
 Category:German surnames, Category:German given names

There is a work in progress on a tool for MediaWiki that should enable wholesale renaming of categories. See Google Summer of Code 2008.

Well, Category:Colors is not really a topical category in a very narrow sense; the relationship between its members and its title is "is-a". Compare to the topical category of Category:Physics. But making this kind of distinction may be unfeasible or too complex.

[edit] Synonyms

[edit] Templates

Group Template Note
English {{en-noun}}
{{en-verb}}
{{en-adj}}
{{wikipedia}}
{{alternative spelling of}}
{{webster 1913}}
{{R:Webster 1913}} Webster 1913
{{quote-book}}
{{context}}
{{notice}}
Requests {{delete}} Speedy deletion
{{rfd}} Careful deletion
{{rfv}} Verification of a meaning
{{rfc}} Cleanup
{{rfdate}} A date for this quote is being sought
Czech cs-imperfective form of {{cs-imperfective form of|perfective}}

[edit] Thesaurus

[edit] Transitivity

Transitivity of verbs:

  • verb
    • intransitive verb
    • transitive verb
      • monotransitive verb -- taking only a direct object
      • ditransitive verb -- taking a direct and an indirect object
  • Transitivity excludes objects passed to the invoked verb after a prepositions

[edit] Translations

  • kočka, formatted using definitions.
  • kočka, formatted using translation and a gloss
The point is not to forbid definitions but to avoid them whenever possible.

[edit] Troll

  • Field Guide to Trolls
  • troll
    • A person who
      • posts to a newsgroup, bulletin board, etc.,
        • in a way intended to
          • anger other posters and to
          • cause drama, or
          • otherwise disrupt the group's intended purpose.

[edit] Some adverbs and pronouns

Some Czech pronouns and pro-adverbs used for quantification, and also for asking and pointing:

Time Space Way Person Thing Selection
by Attribute		 Selection
by Picking
 ? kdy kde, kudy, kam jak kdo co jaký který
--> tehdy tam tak ten to takový
here teď, nyní tady, zde
not jindy jinde jinak jiný jiný
0 nikdy nikde nijak nikdo nic nijaký žádný
E někdy někde nějak někdo něco nějaký některý
málo málokdy málokde málokdo máloco málokterý
lec leckdy leckde leckdo leccos lecjaký leckterý
leda ledaskdo ledacos ledajaký
kde kdekdo kdeco kdejaký
mnoho mnohdy mnoho mnoho
všeli všelijak všelicos všelijaký
většinou
A vždy všude všichni všechno veškerý

[edit] Term frequencies

Gained using Google.

Term Date Frequency
fyzika 8.2.2008 3 600 000
ruka 8.2.2008 3 000 000
mikroskop 8.2.2008 450 000
"černá díra" 8.2.2008 90 000
"Kdo si počká, ten se dočká" 8.2.2008 20 000
"Hlad je nejlepší kuchař" 8.2.2008 4 300

[edit] Proposal: Terminology sections at Wikipedia articles

It could be made a common practice at Wikipedia that articles have a section defining all the non-trivial terms invoked in them. Admittedly, the content of this section would be redundant to Wiktionary and to all the Wikipedia articles defining the terms. However, the current possible practice of searching for the definitions of the unknown terms in the articles of the terms leads to opening many articles in a web browser when you only want to read a single article. A distraction is a result.

The formatting could be as follows:

[edit] Terminology
Term Definition
Term Definition

Alternatively, the classic symbols for definitions ":" and ";" could be used, leading to a kind of list instead of a table. I find the table easier to read though. Also, it can be extended with Note column and with other columns.

[edit] Verbs - Perfective vs imperfective

  • Whether, when entering Czech translations of verbs into the pages with English entries, I should enter perfective or imperfective form of the word, is unclear. Sometimes, the imperfective is the obvious default, like dělat instead of udělat, zadělat or rozdělat. Elsewhere, the case is not so clear, such as in znepokojit vs znepokojovat.
  • Another issue is the possible duplication of entries such as znepokojit and znepokojovat. This duplication could perhaps be avoided, by making one of the entries the main one while letting the other one link to the first one, in the style of mračit se linking to mračit.
  • See {{cs-imperfective form of}}.

[edit] Verbs - subject and object reversed

[edit] Webster 1913

[edit] Wikisaurus

[edit] Wiktionary

[edit] Word

  • Clarification needed.
  • "black hole" is not a word; it is a two-word term[Dan].
  • "black hole" is a word[Mzajac].

[edit] Word list

Word lists:

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