User:Dan Polansky/Prefix
Translingual[edit]
Prefixes and prepositions:
- Should "ad-" be considered a prefix in Latin, given "ad" is a standalone preposition?
- EncycloPetey: rather not.
- A consequence of denying the status of prefix to "ad-": terms combined from "ad" get classified as compounds.
- In Czech, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: před-, nad-, pod-, v-, od-, etc.
- Should "vlézt" be considered a compound in Czech? My take: no.
- In German, equally, many things considered to be prefixes have a corresponding preposition: auf-, an-, zu-, mit-, vor-, etc.
- Should "aufmachen" be considered a compound in German? My take: no.
English[edit]
Prepositions[edit]
English prefixes corresponding to prepositions (are they really prefixes or are they rather pseudo-prefixes?):
- under and under-; understand, undergo, underpay
- over and over-; overdo, overcautious, overwork
- out and out-; outsmart, outrun, outcast
- in and in-; intake, inbreed, inbound
- off and off-: offsite, offshoot, offshore
- on and on-: onset, ongoing, onboard, onfield, online, onlooking, onrushing, onscreen
Adverbs[edit]
English prefixes (or pseudo-ones) corresponding to adverbs:
- down and down-; downplay, downsize, downregulate
- up and up-; uphold, upstart, uptake, update
- back and back-; backpropagate, backtrack, backhand, backlash
- forth and forth-; forthcoming, forthright, forthwith
Czech[edit]
Prepositions[edit]
Czech prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
- na and na-
- pod and pod-
- nad and nad-
- do and do-
- v and v-
- při and při-
- mezi and mezi-
- bez and bez-
- za and za-
Czech prefixes not corresponding to prepositions:
- roz-
- vy-
Notes:
- The sameness of form alone seems not to guarantee semantic correspondence
- "u" (at, near to) and "u-" (complete the action with an irreversible result, "utopit", "utrhnout").
- Citations missing
German[edit]
Prepositions[edit]
German prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
- ab and ab-
- auf and auf-
- an and an-
- bei and bei-
- durch and durch-
- mit and mit-
- nach and nach-
- unter and unter-
- um and um-
- über and über-
- vor and vor-
- zu and zu-
Adverbs[edit]
German prefixes corresponding to adverbs (correctness unclear; see the notes below):
- da and da-
- her and her-
- herbei and herbei- (herbei-'s prefixhood is questioned by Prince Kassad)
- herab and herab-
- heran and heran-
- heraus and heraus-
- herein and herein-
- herum and herum-
- herunter and herunter-
- hin and hin-
- nieder and nieder-
- voran and voran-
- voraus and voraus-
- vorbei and vorbei- (vorbeikommen, vorbeilaufen)
- vorher and vorher-
- weg and weg-
- zurück and zurück-
- zusammen and zusammen-
Are these really prefixes? But also, are these really standalone adverbs rather than things always ocurring as part of a separable verb?
Whether these are prefixes or not, they combine with verbs to create separable verbs, such as "heranziehen" used as "Ich ziehe heran".
Secure prefixes[edit]
Prefixes that seem secure from being accused of non-prefixhood:
- be- ("bestellen")
- dar- ("darstellen")
- ent- ("entsprechen")
- er- ("erzeugen")
- un- ("unglaublich")
- wider- ("widerspiegeln")
- zer- ("zerlegen")
Other[edit]
Other prefixes or pseudo-prefixes:
Greek[edit]
Modern Greek candidate prefixes corresponding to prepositions:
Latin[edit]
Prefixes vs prepositions in Latin:
- dis- in "discerno" is a prefix; “discern”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- "ad" in "adverbium", however, is considered a standalone preposition, both by EncycloPetey and Century 1911, as Century 1911 writes "ad" + "verbium" instead of "ad-" + "verbium"; “adverb”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.