craindre

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French[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Middle French, from Old French criembre, criendre (later creindre), from Classical Latin tremere, from Proto-Indo-European *trem- (“to tremble”). Altered into a regional Gallo-Romance Vulgar Latin form *cremere, with the initial c- under the influence of the Celtic root *krit- (Breton kridien, Scottish Gaelic crith),[1] ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *krey-. Compare the similar Occitan crénher.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /kʁɛ̃dʁ/
  • audio(file)

Verb[edit]

craindre

  1. (transitive) to fear
  2. (intransitive, slang) to suck (to be unwanted or bad)
    J’ai perdu mon portefeuille. — Merde, ça craint.
    I've lost my wallet. — Shit, that sucks.

Usage notes[edit]

  • craindre que is followed by a subjunctive, and in formal French additionally takes ne as a meaningless or "expletive" particle, e.g. in the following sentence:
    Je crains que le lac ne soit froid. ― I fear that the lake is cold.

Conjugation[edit]

This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in 't' instead of a vowel.

Conjugation of craindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple craindre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple craignant
/kʁɛ.ɲɑ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle craint
/kʁɛ̃/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present crains
/kʁɛ̃/ 		crains
/kʁɛ̃/ 		craint
/kʁɛ̃/ 		craignons
/kʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲɔ̃/ 		craignez
/kʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kʁe.ɲe/ 		craignent
/kʁɛɲ/
imperfect craignais
/kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kʁe.ɲɛ/ 		craignais
/kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kʁe.ɲɛ/ 		craignait
/kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kʁe.ɲɛ/ 		craignions
/kʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ 		craigniez
/kʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kʁe.ɲje/ 		craignaient
/kʁɛ.ɲɛ/ or /kʁe.ɲɛ/
past historic2 craignis
/kʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kʁe.ɲi/ 		craignis
/kʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kʁe.ɲi/ 		craignit
/kʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kʁe.ɲi/ 		craignîmes
/kʁɛ.ɲim/ or /kʁe.ɲim/ 		craignîtes
/kʁɛ.ɲit/ or /kʁe.ɲit/ 		craignirent
/kʁɛ.ɲiʁ/ or /kʁe.ɲiʁ/
future craindrai
/kʁɛ̃.dʁe/ 		craindras
/kʁɛ̃.dʁa/ 		craindra
/kʁɛ̃.dʁa/ 		craindrons
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ 		craindrez
/kʁɛ̃.dʁe/ 		craindront
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
conditional craindrais
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		craindrais
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		craindrait
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/ 		craindrions
/kʁɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ 		craindriez
/kʁɛ̃.dʁi.je/ 		craindraient
/kʁɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present craigne
/kʁɛɲ/ 		craignes
/kʁɛɲ/ 		craigne
/kʁɛɲ/ 		craignions
/kʁɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲjɔ̃/ 		craigniez
/kʁɛ.ɲje/ or /kʁe.ɲje/ 		craignent
/kʁɛɲ/
imperfect2 craignisse
/kʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kʁe.ɲis/ 		craignisses
/kʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kʁe.ɲis/ 		craignît
/kʁɛ.ɲi/ or /kʁe.ɲi/ 		craignissions
/kʁɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ 		craignissiez
/kʁɛ.ɲi.sje/ or /kʁe.ɲi.sje/ 		craignissent
/kʁɛ.ɲis/ or /kʁe.ɲis/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — crains
/kʁɛ̃/ 		— craignons
/kʁɛ.ɲɔ̃/ or /kʁe.ɲɔ̃/ 		craignez
/kʁɛ.ɲe/ or /kʁe.ɲe/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Synonyms[edit]

Derived terms[edit]

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Etymology and history of “craindre”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Further reading[edit]

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