gravir

French

Etymology

Inherited from Old French [Term?], from Frankish *krawjan, related to Proto-Germanic *krauwōn, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to wind, twist”), see also Proto-Germanic *krōkaz (“hook”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʁa.viʁ/

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

gravir

1. to climb up

Conjugation

This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.

Conjugation of gravir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	gravir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	gravissant /ɡʁa.vi.sɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		gravi /ɡʁa.vi/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	gravis /ɡʁa.vi/	gravis /ɡʁa.vi/	gravit /ɡʁa.vi/	gravissons /ɡʁa.vi.sɔ̃/	gravissez /ɡʁa.vi.se/	gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/
	imperfect	gravissais /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/	gravissais /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/	gravissait /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/	gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/	gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/	gravissaient /ɡʁa.vi.sɛ/
	past historic2	gravis /ɡʁa.vi/	gravis /ɡʁa.vi/	gravit /ɡʁa.vi/	gravîmes /ɡʁa.vim/	gravîtes /ɡʁa.vit/	gravirent /ɡʁa.viʁ/
	future	gravirai /ɡʁa.vi.ʁe/	graviras /ɡʁa.vi.ʁa/	gravira /ɡʁa.vi.ʁa/	gravirons /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɔ̃/	gravirez /ɡʁa.vi.ʁe/	graviront /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɔ̃/
	conditional	gravirais /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/	gravirais /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/	gravirait /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/	gravirions /ɡʁa.vi.ʁjɔ̃/	graviriez /ɡʁa.vi.ʁje/	graviraient /ɡʁa.vi.ʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/	gravisses /ɡʁa.vis/	gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/	gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/	gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/	gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/
	imperfect2	gravisse /ɡʁa.vis/	gravisses /ɡʁa.vis/	gravît /ɡʁa.vi/	gravissions /ɡʁa.vi.sjɔ̃/	gravissiez /ɡʁa.vi.sje/	gravissent /ɡʁa.vis/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	gravis /ɡʁa.vi/	—	gravissons /ɡʁa.vi.sɔ̃/	gravissez /ɡʁa.vi.se/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• gravir les échelons

Further reading

• “gravir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch gravure, from French gravure.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡra.vɪr/, /ˈɡra.fɪr/
• Rhymes: -vɪr, -fɪr
• Hyphenation: gra‧vir

Noun

gravir (plural gravir-gravir, first-person possessive gravirku, second-person possessive gravirmu, third-person possessive gravirnya)

1. engraving
2. gravure: a type of intaglio printing process, in which an image is engraved onto a rotating copper cylinder.

Alternative forms

• grafir

Related terms

• graver