mn

See also: Appendix:Variations of "mn"

Translingual

Symbol

mn

1. (international standards) ISO 639-1 language code for Mongolian.

English

Etymology 1

Numeral

mn

1. (chiefly British, Commonwealth except Canada, Ireland) Abbreviation of million.

Alternative forms

• mn.
• mln. / mln

Coordinate terms

• bn (billion)
• tn (trillion)

Etymology 2

Verb

mn

1. (Internet slang, text messaging) Abbreviation of mean.
   • 2008 January–February, Chris Rodell, “Small talk, big results”, in Men's Health, volume 23, number 1, →ISSN, page 80:

     Sure, we may use cellphones and e-mail hundreds of times a week, but we say very little. […] Most of our talk, even in privileged IM circles, is no deeper than the words we exchange with the pizza guy. […] U C wt I mn?

Etymology 3

Adverb

mn (not comparable)

1. (Philippines) Alternative form of MN (“midnight”).

Anagrams

• nm, NM, Nm, /nm, n/m, N.M.

Egyptian

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /maːn/ → /maːn/ → /maːn/ → /moːn/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /maːn/ (infinitive)
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /maːn/ (infinitive)
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /maːn/ (infinitive)
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /moːn/ (infinitive)

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: men

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) established, to be(come) fixed or set
   • c. 1550 BCE – 1295 BCE, Great Hymn to Osiris (Stela of Amenmose, Louvre C 286) lines 22–23:

     šfyt ḥtp.n.s st.s fꜣw mn(.w) r hpw.f

     Dignity, it has taken its seat, and magnificence is established according to his laws.

2. (intransitive) to stick, to stay, to remain fixed, to endure (+ m: in (a place), as (a role); + ḥr: on (a seat, throne, foundation, etc.), in (one’s rightful place); + ẖr: with, having)
3. (intransitive, of the heart/mind) to be firm, steadfast, unwavering, stouthearted, especially in battle
4. (intransitive, of the legs or feet) to be firm of step, steadfast
5. (intransitive, Late Egyptian, mathematics) to be(come) left over, to be(come) the remainder or amount remaining

Inflection

Conjugation of mn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: mn, geminated stem: mnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mn	mnw, mn	mnt	mn, j.mn	mn, j.mn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
mn	ḥr mn	m mn	r mn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	mn.n	consecutive	mn.jn
terminative	mnt
perfective3	mn	obligative1	mn.ḫr
imperfective	mn, j.mn1
prospective3	mn	potentialis1	mn.kꜣ
subjunctive	mn, j.mn1

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	mn.n	—	—
perfective	mn	mn	mnn, mnnj6, mn2, mnw2 5, mny2 5
imperfective	j.mn1, mn, mny, mnw5	j.mn1, j.mnw1 5, mn, mnj6, mny6	mn, mnw5
prospective	mn, mntj7	mntj4, mnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mn  

mn	mn	mn
[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[since the 18th Dynasty]

Derived terms

• mn-pḥtj-rꜥ
• mn-nfr
• mn-ḫpr-rꜥ
• mn-kꜣw-rꜥ
• mn-kꜣw-ḥr
• smn

 

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲙⲟⲩⲛ (moun)

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: men

Noun

 m

1. substitute for an unknown male name; so-and-so, N.N. [since the Pyramid Texts]

Usage notes

Sometimes accompanied by the demonstrative pn (“this”).

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mn  

mn	mn	mn
[Old Kingdom]	[since the 18th Dynasty]	[since the 18th Dynasty]

Derived terms

• mnt
• mn n

Descendants

• Bohairic Coptic: ⲙⲁⲛ (man)

Etymology 3

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /mɛn/
  • Conventional anglicization: men

Verb

 2-lit.

1. (intransitive) to suffer, to be sick
2. (transitive) to suffer from (an ailment)
3. (transitive) to feel pain or have an ailment in (a body part)
4. (transitive) to be troubled about (something)

Inflection

Conjugation of mn (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: mn, geminated stem: mnn

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
mn	mnw, mn	mnt	mn, j.mn	mn, j.mn

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
mn	ḥr mn	m mn	r mn

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	mn.n	mnw, mn	consecutive	mn.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	mnt
perfective3	mn	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	mn.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	mn, j.mn1	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	mn	mnn	potentialis1	mn.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	mn, j.mn1	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	mn.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	mn	active + .tj1, .tw2	mn	mnn, mnnj6, mn2, mnw2 5, mny2 5
imperfective	j.mn1, mn, mny, mnw5	active + .tj1, .tw2	j.mn1, j.mnw1 5, mn, mnj6, mny6	mn, mnw5
prospective	mn, mntj7	—	mntj4, mnt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of mn  

mn	mn	mn
[Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[Late Period]

Derived terms

• mnt

Noun

 m

1. sick or suffering man [since the 18th Dynasty]

Inflection

Declension of mn (masculine)

singular	mn
dual	mnwj
plural	mnw

References

• “mn (lemma ID 69590)”, “mn (lemma ID 69600)”, “mn (lemma ID 69610)”, “mn (lemma ID 69660)”, and “mn (lemma ID 69670)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1928) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 2, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 60.6–62.26, 63.11, 64.13–65.2, 66.18–67.5
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, pages 106–107
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 183, 216, 309.