tingkat

English

Etymology

From Malay tingkat.

Pronunciation

• (Singapore) IPA^(key): /ˈtɪŋkat/, [ˈtɪŋ˧kät˦]

Noun

tingkat (usually uncountable, plural tingkats)

(informal, Singapore)

1. Tiffin container
   • 2012 March 18, Eunice Quek, “Taste of home”, in The Sunday Times (LifeStyle), page 21:

     He suspected something was different with his tingkat meal one week, after tasting the dishes.

2. (metonymically, uncountable) Home-cooked meals from a home delivery and catering service.

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay tingkat (“floor”), from Classical Malay tingkat, from Minangkabau [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɪŋkat]
• Hyphenation: ting‧kat

Noun

tingkat (first-person possessive tingkatku, second-person possessive tingkatmu, third-person possessive tingkatnya)

1. (level of something)
   1. In the same position or rank; level.
   2. rank

      Synonym: pangkat

   3. class

      Synonym: kelas

2. floor
3. rate

   tingkat pengangguran ― unemployment rate

   Synonym: angka

Alternative forms

• tk. (abbreviation)

Derived terms

• bertingkat
• bertingkat-tingkat
• meningkat
• meningkat-ningkat
• meningkatkan
• peningkat
• peningkatan
• setingkat
• tingkatan

 

Further reading

• “tingkat” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation — Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

Possibly from Minangkabau [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tiŋ.kat/
• Rhymes: -ŋkat, -kat, -at

Noun

tingkat (Jawi spelling تيڠکت, plural tingkat-tingkat, informal 1st possessive tingkatku, 2nd possessive tingkatmu, 3rd possessive tingkatnya)

1. floor, storey
2. level
3. (Singapore) Ellipsis of mangkuk tingkat (“tiffin container”)

Derived terms

Affixed terms and other derivations

Regular affixed derivations:

• peningkatan [agentive / qualitative / instrumental / abstract / measure + resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (peN- + -an)
• tingkatan [resultative / locative / collective / variety / verbal noun / fruit] (-an)
• meningkat [agent focus] (meN-)
• meningkatkan [agent focus + causative benefactive] (meN- + -kan)
• ditingkat [patient focus] (di-)
• ditingkatkan [patient focus + causative benefactive] (di- + -kan)
• mempertingkat [causative agent focus] (mempeR-)
• mempertingkatkan [causative agent focus + causative benefactive] (mempeR- + -kan)
• dipertingkat [causative passive focus] (dipeR-)
• dipertingkatkan [causative passive focus + causative benefactive] (dipeR- + -kan)
• bertingkat [stative / habitual] (beR-)
• bertingkat-tingkat [reduplication + stative / habitual] (redup + beR-)

Irregular affixed derivations, other derivations and compound words:

• meningkat-ningkat

Descendants

• Indonesian: tingkat
• → English: tingkat (Singapore)

Further reading

• “tingkat” in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu | Malay Literary Reference Centre, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017.