бе

See also: бэ, бе-, and Appendix:Variations of "be"

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *bě.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

Verb

бе • (be)

1. second/third-person singular imperfect/aorist indicative of съм (sǎm)

Etymology 2

Combines:

• An emphatic particle derived from Proto-Slavic *ba, *bo, coordinate to де (de), же (že), ле (le).
• A form of address borrowed from Ottoman Turkish به, from Byzantine Greek βρέ (bré), probably a colloquial form of Ancient Greek μωρέ (mōré), the vocative of μωρός (mōrós, “dull”).

Alternative forms

• ве (ve), уе (ue)

Interjection

бе • (be) (colloquial)

1. (emphatic particle): Alternative form of ба (ba): used as an expression of disbelief, surprise, irritation, or eagerness

   Да, бе, да!

   Da, be, da!

   Really! / Well, I never!

   Какво ме гледаш, бе?

   Kakvo me gledaš, be?

   What the hell are you looking at?

   Бе, писна ми от всички!

   Be, pisna mi ot vsički!

   I am so fed up with everything!

2. (form of address): Alternative form of бре (bre): used for emphasis after vocative expressions

   Иванчо, бе, млъкни за малко, та и аз да кажа нещо!

   Ivančo, be, mlǎkni za malko, ta i az da kaža nešto!

   Oi, Johny, shut up for a moment, so I can also say something!

Conjunction

бе • (be) (colloquial)

1. used for emphasis in enumeration of entries

   бе това, бе онова

   be tova, be onova

   and this, and that

   бе туй било, бе онуй било

   be tuj bilo, be onuj bilo

   both this happened, and that happened

References

• “бе”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “бе”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Nayden Gerov (1895) “бе!”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 1, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 30
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “бе”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 39

Macedonian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish به, from Byzantine Greek βρέ (bré), from Ancient Greek μωρέ (mōré), which is the vocative form of μωρός (mōrós). Cognate with Serbo-Croatian bre, Greek ρε (re), and Turkish bre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [bɛ]
• Hyphenation: бе

Particle

бе • (be)

1. A particle expressing anger, frustration, or surprise.

   До́јди ва́му, бе!

   Dójdi vámu, be!

   Come here (at once)!

   Што се́ дереш, бе?

   Što sé dereš, be?

   What (the hell) are you yelling about?

   Ка́ко ве надму́дрија, бе?

   Káko ve nadmúdrija, be?

   How (on earth) did they outwit you?

Related terms

• мо́ре (móre)
• мо́ри (móri)

See also

• де (de)

References

• “бе” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Tajik

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be/, [be]

Preposition

Dari	بی
Iranian Persian
Tajik	бе

бе • (be)

1. without
2. sans

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-mi (“interrogative particle”). Cognate to Mongolian бэ (be), Kazakh бе (be), Turkish mi.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /be̞/

Particle

бе • (be)

1. Particle for forming yes-or-no questions.

   Сен шай ижиксей-дир сен бе? ― Sen şay ijiksey-dir sen be? ― Do you want to drink tea?