تعهد

Arabic

Root
ع ه د (ʕ h d)
9 terms

Etymology 1.1

Verb

تَعَهَّدَ • (taʕahhada) V (non-past يَتَعَهَّدُ (yataʕahhadu), verbal noun تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud))

1. to advocate, to support (a cause, a position)
2. (transitive) to pay attention to, to keep in mind
3. (transitive) to care for, to maintain
4. to assume (a burden)
5. to pledge, to commit, to promise [with لِ (li) ‘to someone’, along with بِ (bi) or عَلَى أَن (ʕalā ʔan, + subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’]
6. to know from experience, to know directly [with accusative or بِ (bi) ‘something’]

Conjugation

    Conjugation of تَعَهَّدَ (V, sound, full passive, verbal noun تَعَهُّد)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَعَهُّد taʕahhud
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُتَعَهِّد mutaʕahhid
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُتَعَهَّد mutaʕahhad
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَعَهَّدْتُ taʕahhadtu	تَعَهَّدْتَ taʕahhadta	تَعَهَّدَ taʕahhada		تَعَهَّدْتُمَا taʕahhadtumā	تَعَهَّدَا taʕahhadā		تَعَهَّدْنَا taʕahhadnā	تَعَهَّدْتُمْ taʕahhadtum	تَعَهَّدُوا taʕahhadū
	f		تَعَهَّدْتِ taʕahhadti	تَعَهَّدَتْ taʕahhadat			تَعَهَّدَتَا taʕahhadatā			تَعَهَّدْتُنَّ taʕahhadtunna	تَعَهَّدْنَ taʕahhadna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَتَعَهَّدُ ʔataʕahhadu	تَتَعَهَّدُ tataʕahhadu	يَتَعَهَّدُ yataʕahhadu		تَتَعَهَّدَانِ tataʕahhadāni	يَتَعَهَّدَانِ yataʕahhadāni		نَتَعَهَّدُ nataʕahhadu	تَتَعَهَّدُونَ tataʕahhadūna	يَتَعَهَّدُونَ yataʕahhadūna
	f		تَتَعَهَّدِينَ tataʕahhadīna	تَتَعَهَّدُ tataʕahhadu			تَتَعَهَّدَانِ tataʕahhadāni			تَتَعَهَّدْنَ tataʕahhadna	يَتَعَهَّدْنَ yataʕahhadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَتَعَهَّدَ ʔataʕahhada	تَتَعَهَّدَ tataʕahhada	يَتَعَهَّدَ yataʕahhada		تَتَعَهَّدَا tataʕahhadā	يَتَعَهَّدَا yataʕahhadā		نَتَعَهَّدَ nataʕahhada	تَتَعَهَّدُوا tataʕahhadū	يَتَعَهَّدُوا yataʕahhadū
	f		تَتَعَهَّدِي tataʕahhadī	تَتَعَهَّدَ tataʕahhada			تَتَعَهَّدَا tataʕahhadā			تَتَعَهَّدْنَ tataʕahhadna	يَتَعَهَّدْنَ yataʕahhadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَتَعَهَّدْ ʔataʕahhad	تَتَعَهَّدْ tataʕahhad	يَتَعَهَّدْ yataʕahhad		تَتَعَهَّدَا tataʕahhadā	يَتَعَهَّدَا yataʕahhadā		نَتَعَهَّدْ nataʕahhad	تَتَعَهَّدُوا tataʕahhadū	يَتَعَهَّدُوا yataʕahhadū
	f		تَتَعَهَّدِي tataʕahhadī	تَتَعَهَّدْ tataʕahhad			تَتَعَهَّدَا tataʕahhadā			تَتَعَهَّدْنَ tataʕahhadna	يَتَعَهَّدْنَ yataʕahhadna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَعَهَّدْ taʕahhad			تَعَهَّدَا taʕahhadā				تَعَهَّدُوا taʕahhadū
	f		تَعَهَّدِي taʕahhadī							تَعَهَّدْنَ taʕahhadna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُعُهِّدْتُ tuʕuhhidtu	تُعُهِّدْتَ tuʕuhhidta	تُعُهِّدَ tuʕuhhida		تُعُهِّدْتُمَا tuʕuhhidtumā	تُعُهِّدَا tuʕuhhidā		تُعُهِّدْنَا tuʕuhhidnā	تُعُهِّدْتُمْ tuʕuhhidtum	تُعُهِّدُوا tuʕuhhidū
	f		تُعُهِّدْتِ tuʕuhhidti	تُعُهِّدَتْ tuʕuhhidat			تُعُهِّدَتَا tuʕuhhidatā			تُعُهِّدْتُنَّ tuʕuhhidtunna	تُعُهِّدْنَ tuʕuhhidna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَعَهَّدُ ʔutaʕahhadu	تُتَعَهَّدُ tutaʕahhadu	يُتَعَهَّدُ yutaʕahhadu		تُتَعَهَّدَانِ tutaʕahhadāni	يُتَعَهَّدَانِ yutaʕahhadāni		نُتَعَهَّدُ nutaʕahhadu	تُتَعَهَّدُونَ tutaʕahhadūna	يُتَعَهَّدُونَ yutaʕahhadūna
	f		تُتَعَهَّدِينَ tutaʕahhadīna	تُتَعَهَّدُ tutaʕahhadu			تُتَعَهَّدَانِ tutaʕahhadāni			تُتَعَهَّدْنَ tutaʕahhadna	يُتَعَهَّدْنَ yutaʕahhadna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَعَهَّدَ ʔutaʕahhada	تُتَعَهَّدَ tutaʕahhada	يُتَعَهَّدَ yutaʕahhada		تُتَعَهَّدَا tutaʕahhadā	يُتَعَهَّدَا yutaʕahhadā		نُتَعَهَّدَ nutaʕahhada	تُتَعَهَّدُوا tutaʕahhadū	يُتَعَهَّدُوا yutaʕahhadū
	f		تُتَعَهَّدِي tutaʕahhadī	تُتَعَهَّدَ tutaʕahhada			تُتَعَهَّدَا tutaʕahhadā			تُتَعَهَّدْنَ tutaʕahhadna	يُتَعَهَّدْنَ yutaʕahhadna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَعَهَّدْ ʔutaʕahhad	تُتَعَهَّدْ tutaʕahhad	يُتَعَهَّدْ yutaʕahhad		تُتَعَهَّدَا tutaʕahhadā	يُتَعَهَّدَا yutaʕahhadā		نُتَعَهَّدْ nutaʕahhad	تُتَعَهَّدُوا tutaʕahhadū	يُتَعَهَّدُوا yutaʕahhadū
	f		تُتَعَهَّدِي tutaʕahhadī	تُتَعَهَّدْ tutaʕahhad			تُتَعَهَّدَا tutaʕahhadā			تُتَعَهَّدْنَ tutaʕahhadna	يُتَعَهَّدْنَ yutaʕahhadna

Etymology 1.2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta.ʕah.hud/

Noun

تَعَهُّد • (taʕahhud) m

1. verbal noun of تَعَهَّدَ (taʕahhada) (form V)
2. pledge, guarantee
3. affidavit

Declension

Declension of noun تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تَعَهُّد taʕahhud	التَّعَهُّد at-taʕahhud	تَعَهُّد taʕahhud
Nominative	تَعَهُّدٌ taʕahhudun	التَّعَهُّدُ at-taʕahhudu	تَعَهُّدُ taʕahhudu
Accusative	تَعَهُّدًا taʕahhudan	التَّعَهُّدَ at-taʕahhuda	تَعَهُّدَ taʕahhuda
Genitive	تَعَهُّدٍ taʕahhudin	التَّعَهُّدِ at-taʕahhudi	تَعَهُّدِ taʕahhudi

Descendants

• → Persian: تعهد
• → Ottoman Turkish: تعهد
  • Turkish: taahhüt

Etymology 1.3

Verb

تعهد (form I)

1. تَعْهَدُ (taʕhadu) /taʕ.ha.du/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
2. تُعْهَدُ (tuʕhadu) /tuʕ.ha.du/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
3. تَعْهَدَ (taʕhada) /taʕ.ha.da/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
4. تُعْهَدَ (tuʕhada) /tuʕ.ha.da/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive
5. تَعْهَدْ (taʕhad) /taʕ.had/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
6. تُعْهَدْ (tuʕhad) /tuʕ.had/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
   1. second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
   2. third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

From Arabic تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud), verbal noun of تَعَهَّدَ (taʕahhada).

Noun

تعهد • (ta'ahhüd) (plural تعهدات)

1. obligation, promise, engagement

Descendants

• Turkish: taahhüt

References

• Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تعهد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎^[1], Constantinople: Mihran, page 383
• Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “taahhüd”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.ʔah.ˈhuð]

 

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hʊ́d̪]

• (Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hʊ́d̪]
  • (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɑːɑːʊ́d̪]
  • (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰɔːɔːúd̪̥]

• (Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.ʔæɦ.hód̪̥]

• (Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.húd̪]

Readings
Classical reading?	ta'ahhuḏ
Dari reading?	ta'ahhud
Iranian reading?	ta'ahhod
Tajik reading?	taʾahhud

Noun

تعهد • (ta'ahhod) (plural تعهدات (ta'ahhodât))

1. commitment, obligation

   تعهدات بین المللی ― ta'ahhodât-e beyn-ol-melali ― international commitments

2. (obsolete) looking after, attending to
   • c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:

     و روز آدینه نیمه ذی الحجّه این سال نامه رسید که سلیمانی رسول بشبورقان‌ رسید و از ری تا آنجا ولات و عمال و گماشتگان سلطان سخت نیکو تعهّد کردند و رسم استقبال را بجا آوردند.

     u rōz-i ādēna nīma-yi ḏī-l-hijja-yi īn sāl nāma rasīd ki sulaymanī rasūl ba šabūrqān rasīd u az rayy tā ānjā wulāt u ummāl u gumāštagān-i sultān saxt nēkū ta'ahhud kardand u rasm-i istiqbāl rā ba jā āwardand.

     And on Friday, the fifteenth of the month of Dhū al-Ḥijja of this year, a letter came saying that Sulaymanī had come as an envoy towards Shabūrqān, and from Rayy up to there, the sultan's governors, agents, and deputies attended to him very well and carried out the welcome ceremonies.

     (Classical Persian transliteration)

Further reading

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تعهد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
• Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “تعهد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim