ظلم

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Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the root ظ ل م (ẓ-l-m). Compare Aramaic טלם.

Verb[edit]

ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) I, non-past يَظْلِمُ‎ (yaẓlimu)

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
    • 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 42:42:
      إِنَّمَا السَّبِيلُ عَلَى الَّذِينَ يَظْلِمُونَ النَّاسَ وَيَبْغُونَ فِي الْأَرْضِ بِغَيْرِ الْحَقِّ ۚ أُولَٰئِكَ لَهُمْ عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ
      ʔinnamā s-sabīlu ʕalā allaḏīna yaẓlimūna an-nāsa wayabḡūna fī l-ʔarḍi biḡayri l-ḥaqqi ʔulāʔika lahum ʕaḏābun ʔalīmun
      Indeed, the blame lieth only upon those ones who oppress [their fellow] Man, and who are insolent throughout the earth without any right whatsoever. They are those for whom a punishment most painful [will suffice].

Conjugation[edit]

References[edit]

Verb[edit]

ظَلِمَ (ẓalima) I, non-past يَظْلَمُ‎ (yaẓlamu)

  1. to become dark

Conjugation[edit]

Verb[edit]

ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama) II, non-past يُظَلِّمُ‎ (yuẓallimu)

  1. to be in the least unjust

Conjugation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ظُلْم (ẓulmm

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)
  2. wrong, wrongdoing, injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

Declension[edit]

Synonyms[edit]

Descendants[edit]

References[edit]

Noun[edit]

ظُلَم (ẓulamf pl

  1. plural of ظُلْمَة (ẓulma)

Noun[edit]

ظَلْم (ẓalmm

  1. verbal noun of ظَلَمَ (ẓalama) (form I)

Declension[edit]

Hijazi Arabic[edit]

Root
ظ ل م
1 term

Etymology 1[edit]

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, /ðˤa.lam/

Verb[edit]

ظَلَم (ẓalam) I (non-past يِظْلُم (yiẓlum))

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly, to oppress
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of ظلم (ẓalam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتوا (ẓalamtu) ظلموا (ẓalamu)
f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalamat)
non-past m أظلم (ʔaẓlum) تظلم (tiẓlum) يظلم (yiẓlum) نظلم (niẓlum) تظلموا (tiẓlumu) يظلموا (yiẓlumu)
f تظلمي (tiẓlumi) تظلم (tiẓlum)
imperative m اظلم (aẓlum) اظلموا (aẓlumu)
f اظلمي (aẓlumi)

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic ظَلَّمَ (ẓallama).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dˤal.lam/, /ðˤal.lam/

Verb[edit]

ظَلَّمْ (ḍallam) II (non-past يِظَلِّم (yiḍallim))

  1. to get dark
Conjugation[edit]
    Conjugation of ظلم (ḍallam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلمت (ḍallamt) ظلم (ḍallam) ظلمنا (ḍallamna) ظلمتوا (ḍallamtu) ظلموا (ḍallamu)
f ظلمتي (ḍallamti) ظلمت (ḍallamat)
non-past m أظلم (ʔaḍallim) تظلم (tiḍallim) يظلم (yiḍallim) نظلم (niḍallim) تظلموا (tiḍallimu) يظلموا (yiḍallimu)
f تظلمي (tiḍallimi) تظلم (tiḍallim)
imperative m ظلم (ḍallim) ظلموا (ḍallimu)
f ظلمي (ḍallimi)

Etymology 3[edit]

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ظلم (ẓulmm

  1. injustice, injuriousness, tyranny

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ظ ل م
1 term

Etymology[edit]

Learned borrowing from Arabic ظَلَمَ (ẓalama).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /zˤa.lam/, [ˈzˤɑ.lɑm]
  • (file)

Verb[edit]

ظلم (ẓalam) I (present بظلم (boẓlom), passive participle مظلوم (maẓlūm))

  1. to wrong, to treat unjustly
  2. to oppress

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of ظلم (ẓalam)
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
past m ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلمت (ẓalamt) ظلم (ẓalam) ظلمنا (ẓalamna) ظلمتو (ẓalamtu) ظلمو (ẓalamu)
f ظلمتي (ẓalamti) ظلمت (ẓalmat)
present m بظلم (baẓlom) بتظلم (btoẓlom) بظلم (boẓlom) منظلم (mnoẓlom) بتظلمو (btoẓlomu) بظلمو (boẓlomu)
f بتظلمي (btoẓlomi) بتظلم (btoẓlom)
subjunctive m أظلم (ʔaẓlom) تظلم (toẓlom) يظلم (yoẓlom) نظلم (noẓlom) تظلمو (toẓlomu) يظلمو (yoẓlomu)
f تظلمي (toẓlomi) تظلم (toẓlom)
imperative m اظلم (oẓlom) اظلمو (oẓlomu)
f اظلمي (oẓlomi)

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic ظُلْم (ẓulm, injustice) (through Classical Persian ظلم (zulm)).

Pronunciation[edit]

Noun[edit]

ظُلْم (zulmm (Hindi spelling ज़ुल्म)

  1. wrongdoing, misdeed, injustice
    Synonym: ناانصافی (nāinsāfī)
  2. tyranny, oppression
    Synonym: جبر (jabr)

Declension[edit]

Declension of ظلم
singular plural
direct ظُلم (zulm) ظُلم (zulm)
oblique ظُلم (zulm) ظُلموں (zulmō̃)
vocative ظُلم (zulm) ظُلمو (zulmō)

Related terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • ظلم”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • ظلم”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.