श्रमण

See also: शिरोमणि

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit श्रमण (śramaṇa).

Pronunciation

• (Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʃɾə.məɳ/, [ʃɾɐ.mɐ̃ɳ]

Noun

श्रमण • (śramaṇ) m

1. (Buddhism, Jainism) ascetic, monk

Declension

Declension of श्रमण (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	श्रमण śramaṇ	श्रमण śramaṇ
oblique	श्रमण śramaṇ	श्रमणों śramaṇõ
vocative	श्रमण śramaṇ	श्रमणो śramaṇo

References

• McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “श्रमण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

• শ্ৰমণ (Assamese script)
• ᬰ᭄ᬭᬫᬡ (Balinese script)
• শ্রমণ (Bengali script)
• 𑰫𑰿𑰨𑰦𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
• 𑀰𑁆𑀭𑀫𑀡 (Brahmi script)
• ၐြမဏ (Burmese script)
• શ્રમણ (Gujarati script)
• ਸ਼੍ਰਮਣ (Gurmukhi script)
• 𑌶𑍍𑌰𑌮𑌣 (Grantha script)
• ꦯꦿꦩꦟ (Javanese script)
• 𑂬𑂹𑂩𑂧𑂝 (Kaithi script)
• ಶ್ರಮಣ (Kannada script)
• ឝ្រមណ (Khmer script)
• ຨ຺ຣມຓ (Lao script)
• ശ്രമണ (Malayalam script)
• ᡧᡵᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
• 𑘫𑘿𑘨𑘦𑘜 (Modi script)
• ᠱᠷᠠᠮᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
• 𑧋𑧠𑧈𑧆𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
• 𑐱𑑂𑐬𑐩𑐞 (Newa script)
• ଶ୍ରମଣ (Odia script)
• ꢯ꣄ꢬꢪꢠ (Saurashtra script)
• 𑆯𑇀𑆫𑆩𑆟 (Sharada script)
• 𑖫𑖿𑖨𑖦𑖜 (Siddham script)
• ශ්‍රමණ (Sinhalese script)
• 𑩿 𑪙𑩼𑩴𑩪 (Soyombo script)
• 𑚧𑚶𑚤𑚢𑚘 (Takri script)
• ஶ்ரமண (Tamil script)
• శ్రమణ (Telugu script)
• ศฺรมณ (Thai script)
• ཤྲ་མ་ཎ (Tibetan script)
• 𑒬𑓂𑒩𑒧𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
• 𑨮𑩇𑨫𑨢𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Apparently from the root श्रम् (śram, “to be or become weary or tired, be tired of doing anything”), which however is mixed in meaning with शम् (śam, “to exert”).

Adjective

श्रमण • (śramaṇá)

1. making effort or exertion, toiling, labouring, (esp.) following a toilsome or menial business (W.)
2. base, vile, bad (ib.)
3. naked (L.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्रमण
Nom. sg.	श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ)
Gen. sg.	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Vocative	श्रमण (śramaṇa)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Accusative	श्रमणम् (śramaṇam)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणान् (śramaṇān)
Instrumental	श्रमणेन (śramaṇena)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ)
Dative	श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām)
Locative	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu)

Feminine ā-stem declension of श्रमण
Nom. sg.	श्रमणा (śramaṇā)
Gen. sg.	श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमणा (śramaṇā)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Vocative	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Accusative	श्रमणाम् (śramaṇām)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Instrumental	श्रमणया (śramaṇayā)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणाभिः (śramaṇābhiḥ)
Dative	श्रमणायै (śramaṇāyai)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणाभ्यः (śramaṇābhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणाभ्यः (śramaṇābhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमणायाः (śramaṇāyāḥ)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām)
Locative	श्रमणायाम् (śramaṇāyām)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणासु (śramaṇāsu)

Feminine ī-stem declension of श्रमण
Nom. sg.	श्रमणी (śramaṇī)
Gen. sg.	श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमणी (śramaṇī)	श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau)	श्रमण्यः (śramaṇyaḥ)
Vocative	श्रमणि (śramaṇi)	श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau)	श्रमण्यः (śramaṇyaḥ)
Accusative	श्रमणीम् (śramaṇīm)	श्रमण्यौ (śramaṇyau)	श्रमणीः (śramaṇīḥ)
Instrumental	श्रमण्या (śramaṇyā)	श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām)	श्रमणीभिः (śramaṇībhiḥ)
Dative	श्रमण्यै (śramaṇyai)	श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām)	श्रमणीभ्यः (śramaṇībhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ)	श्रमणीभ्याम् (śramaṇībhyām)	श्रमणीभ्यः (śramaṇībhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमण्याः (śramaṇyāḥ)	श्रमण्योः (śramaṇyoḥ)	श्रमणीनाम् (śramaṇīnām)
Locative	श्रमण्याम् (śramaṇyām)	श्रमण्योः (śramaṇyoḥ)	श्रमणीषु (śramaṇīṣu)

Neuter a-stem declension of श्रमण
Nom. sg.	श्रमणम् (śramaṇam)
Gen. sg.	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमणम् (śramaṇam)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni)
Vocative	श्रमण (śramaṇa)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni)
Accusative	श्रमणम् (śramaṇam)	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणानि (śramaṇāni)
Instrumental	श्रमणेन (śramaṇena)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ)
Dative	श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām)
Locative	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu)

Noun

श्रमण • (śramaṇá) stem, m

1. one who performs acts of mortification or austerity, an ascetic, monk, devotee, religious mendicant (ŚBr. etc.)
2. a Buddhist monk or mendicant (also applied to Buddha himself compare MWB. 23 etc.; also applied to a Jain ascetic now commonly called yati) (MBh., R. etc.)
3. name of a serpent-demon (Buddh.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of श्रमण
Nom. sg.	श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ)
Gen. sg.	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	श्रमणः (śramaṇaḥ)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Vocative	श्रमण (śramaṇa)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणाः (śramaṇāḥ)
Accusative	श्रमणम् (śramaṇam)	श्रमणौ (śramaṇau)	श्रमणान् (śramaṇān)
Instrumental	श्रमणेन (śramaṇena)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणैः (śramaṇaiḥ)
Dative	श्रमणाय (śramaṇāya)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Ablative	श्रमणात् (śramaṇāt)	श्रमणाभ्याम् (śramaṇābhyām)	श्रमणेभ्यः (śramaṇebhyaḥ)
Genitive	श्रमणस्य (śramaṇasya)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणानाम् (śramaṇānām)
Locative	श्रमणे (śramaṇe)	श्रमणयोः (śramaṇayoḥ)	श्रमणेषु (śramaṇeṣu)

Descendants

• Gandhari: 𐨮𐨨𐨣 (ṣamana)
• Pali: samaṇa
• → Ancient Greek: Σαρμάναι (Sarmánai, “Sarmanae”), Σαμαναίοι (Samanaíoi, “Samanaeans”)
• → Proto-Tocharian: *ṣāmānä
  • → Tocharian A: ṣāmaṃ
    • → Middle Chinese: 沙門 (MC srae mwon) (incertae sedis)
  • → Tocharian B: ṣamāne
• → Bengali: শ্রমণ (sromon)
• → Hindi: श्रमण (śramaṇ)
• → English: sramana

References

• Monier Williams (1899) “श्रमण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1096.