及び

Japanese

Kanji in this term
及
およ Grade: S
kun’yomi

Etymology

From the 連(れん)用(よう)形(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 及(およ)ぶ (oyobu, “to reach”).

Compare Middle Korean 밋 (mìs) / Korean 및 (mit) from Middle Korean 밋다〮 (mìstá).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) および [òyóbí] (Heiban – [0])
• (Tokyo) お​よび [óꜜyòbì] (Atamadaka – [1])
• (Tokyo) および​ [òyóbíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• IPA^(key): [o̞jo̞bʲi]

Conjunction

及(およ)び • (oyobi) 

1. and, as well as

   Synonyms: 並びに (narabi ni), また (mata), 且つ (katsu), と (to)

   • 1936, 柳宗悦, 日本民藝館について‎^[2], 青空文庫:

     ただし毎(まい)月(げつ)曜(よう)日(び)及(およ)び大(たい)祭(さい)日(じつ)は休(きゅう)館(かん)。

     Tadashi mai-getsuyōbi oyobi taisaijitsu wa kyūkan.

     But it's closed on Mondays and holidays.

Usage notes

• This term is often spelled in hiragana, as および.
• Used in conjunction with 並びに (narabi ni) to form complex lists, particularly in legal contexts. Narabi ni divides subsets within the list while oyobi is used to conjoin more closely related items.
  • 1946, “Article 7.5”, in Constitution of Japan:

    國務大臣(こくむだいじん)及(およ)び法律(ほうりつ)の定(さだ)めるその他(た)の官吏(くわんり)の任免(にんめん)竝(なら)びに全權委任狀(ぜんけんゐにんじやう)及(およ)び大使(たいし)及(およ)び公使(こうし)の信任狀(しんにんじやう)を認證(にんしよう)すること。

    Kokumu daijin oyobi hōritsu no sadameru sono ta no kanri no ninmen narabi ni zenken ininjō oyobi taishi oyobi kōshi no shinninjō o ninshō suru koto.

    Attestation of the appointment and dismissal of Ministers of State and other officials as provided for by law, and of full powers and credentials of Ambassadors and Ministers.

Noun

及(およ)び • (oyobi) 

1. reach

Derived terms

• 及(およ)びもつかない (oyobi mo tsukanai)
• 及(およ)びもない (oyobi mo nai)
• 及(およ)び無(な)し (oyobi nashi)

Related terms

• 及(およ)ぶ (oyobu)