幾何

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See also: 几何

Chinese

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Etymology

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geometry
First used in Xu Guangqi and Matteo Ricci's translation of Euclid's Elements in 1607. The method and origin of derivation is disputed.

Pronunciation 1

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how much; how many; several
how much; how many; several; a few; almost
 
carry; what; how
carry; what; how; why; which
 
trad. (幾何)
simp. (几何)

Note: Erhua-ed pronunciation is only used for the geometry sense.

Rime
Character
Reading # 3/4 1/2
Initial () (28) (33)
Final () (20) (94)
Tone (調) Rising (X) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division () III I
Fanqie
Baxter kj+jX ha
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kɨiX/ /ɦɑ/
Pan
Wuyun
/kɨiX/ /ɦɑ/
Shao
Rongfen
/kiəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kɨjX/ /ɦa/
Li
Rong
/kiəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Wang
Li
/kĭəiX/ /ɣɑ/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ke̯iX/ /ɣɑ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gei2 ho4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
Middle
Chinese
‹ kjɨjX › ‹ ha ›
Old
Chinese
/*kəjʔ/ /*[ɡ]ˁaj/
English few; how many what

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/4 1/2
No. 5800 7458
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1 1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kɯlʔ/ /*ɡaːl/

Adverb

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幾何

  1. (literary) how much; how many
    女兒芳齡幾何 [MSC, trad.]
    女儿芳龄几何 [MSC, simp.]
    Nín nǚ'ér fānglíng jǐhé? [Pinyin]
    How old is your daughter? [honorific]
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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Noun

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幾何

  1. (mathematics) geometry [from 1607]
Derived terms
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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (幾何):
  • Japanese: 幾何(きか) (kika)
  • Korean: 기하(幾何) (giha)
  • Vietnamese: kỉ hà (幾何)

Pronunciation 2

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how much; how many; several
how much; how many; several; a few; almost
 
carry; what; how
carry; what; how; why; which
 
trad. (幾何)
simp. (几何)
alternative forms 幾好几好

Adverb

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幾何

  1. (Taishanese) how
  2. (Taishanese) why
Synonyms
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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term

Grade: S

Grade: 2
kan'on

Shortening of 幾何学 (kikagaku, geometry).[1][2]

First attested in the early Meiji period, in a text from 1886.[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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()() (kika

  1. [1886] (mathematics, colloquial) Short for 幾何学 (kikagaku): geometry
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
いく
Grade: S
ばく
Grade: 2
kun'yomi irregular
For pronunciation and definitions of 幾何 – see the following entry.
幾許いくばく
[adverb] how much, how many
[adverb] (usually followed by (ka)), few, a little bit
[adverb] (chiefly in the negative) a little bit, not much
Alternative spelling
幾ばく
幾許こきし
[adverb] many, a lot
幾許いくだ
[adverb] (chiefly in the negative) a little bit, not much
Alternative spelling
幾ばく
(This term, 幾何, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Usage notes

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The kanji spelling is an orthographic borrowing from Chinese 幾何几何 (jǐhé).

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典(新装版) [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Vietnamese

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chữ Hán Nôm in this term

Adjective

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幾何

  1. chữ Hán form of kỉ hà (geometric).