無花果

See also: 无花果

Chinese

			fruit; result
trad. (無花果)		無花	果
simp. (无花果)		无花	果
alternative forms		無花菓
Literally: “flowerless fruit”.

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): wúhuāguǒ

  (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˇ

  (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)

• Cantonese (Jyutping): mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vù-fâ-kó
• Jin (Wiktionary): vu¹ hua¹ gue²
• Northern Min (KCR): maǔ-huá-guǎ
• Eastern Min (BUC): ù-huă-guō
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bû-hoa-kó

  (Teochew, Peng'im): bho⁵ huê¹ guê²

• Wu (Wugniu)
  • (Northern): ⁶wu-ho-ku

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: wúhuāguǒ
    • Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄍㄨㄛˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: wúhuaguǒ
    • Wade–Giles: wu²-hua¹-kuo³
    • Yale: wú-hwā-gwǒ
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuhuaguoo
    • Palladius: ухуаго (uxuago)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u³⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ ku̯ɔ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
  • (Dungan)
    • Cyrillic and Wiktionary: вухуагуә (vuhuaguə, I-I-II)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /vou²⁴ xua²⁴ kuə⁵¹/

    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²
    • Yale: mòuh fā gwó
    • Cantonese Pinyin: mou⁴ faa¹ gwo²
    • Guangdong Romanization: mou⁴ fa¹ guo²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mou̯²¹ faː⁵⁵ kʷɔː³⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vù-fâ-kó
    • Hakka Romanization System: vuˇ fa´ go`
    • Hagfa Pinyim: vu² fa¹ go³
    • Sinological IPA: /vu¹¹ fa²⁴ ko³¹/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: vu¹ hua¹ gue²
    • Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /vu¹¹ xua¹¹ kuɤ⁵³/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: maǔ-huá-guǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mau²¹ xua⁵⁴ kua²¹/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-huă-guō
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /u⁵³⁻²¹ ^(h-)ua⁵⁵⁻⁵³ ^(k-)uo³³/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bû-hoa-kó
    • Tâi-lô: bû-hua-kó
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bu'hoa'koir
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bu²⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bu²⁴⁻²² hua³³ ko⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bu¹³⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bu²⁴⁻¹¹ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ ko⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bu²³⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ kɤ⁴¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: bho⁵ huê¹ guê²
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: bô hue kué
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /bo⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue³³⁻²³ kue⁵²/
• Wu
  • (Shanghai):
    • Wugniu: ⁶wu-ho-ku
    • MiniDict: wu^去 ho ku
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhu-ho-ku
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦu²² ho⁵⁵ ku²¹/

Noun

無花果

1. fig
   • (Can we date this quote?), 《英語撮要》, page 66:

     呢處有無花菓生冇呢 [Cantonese, trad.]
     呢处有无花果生冇呢 [Cantonese, simp.]

     ni¹ syu³ jau⁵ mou⁴ faa¹ gwo² saang¹ mou⁵ ne¹ [Jyutping]

     Do figs grow in this country?

Synonyms

• 映日果 (yìngrìguǒ)
• 阿驛／阿驿 (āyì)

Derived terms

• 無花果章／无花果章 (“The Fig, the ninety-fifth sura of the Qur'an”)

 

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (無花果):

• → Japanese: 無花果(むかか) (mukaka)
• → Korean: 무화과(無花果) (muhwagwa)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
無	花	果
いちじく
Grade: 4	Grade: 1	Grade: 4
jukujikun

Alternative spellings
映日果 一熟

The kanji spelling 無 (“no”) + 花 (“flower”) + 果 (“fruit”) is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), to denote a tree that bears fruit without flowering. The いちじく (ichijiku) reading is possibly a Japanese corruption of Middle Chinese 映日果 (ʔˠiæŋ^H ȵiɪt̚ kuɑ^X, “fig”), itself a transcription of Persian انجیر (anjir, “fig”) + 果 (kuɑ^X).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) いち​じく [ìchíꜜjìkù] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [it͡ɕiʑikɯ̟ᵝ]

Noun

無花果(いちじく) • (ichijiku) ^{←いちぢく (itidiku)?}

1. fig tree

Synonyms

• 映(えい)日(じつ)果(か) (eijitsuka)

Derived terms

• 無花果(いちじく)果(か) (ichijikuka, “syconium”)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
無	花	果
む Grade: 4	か Grade: 1	か Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 無花果 (mɨo hˠua kuɑ^X).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) むか​か [mùkáꜜkà] (Nakadaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ᵝka̠ka̠]

Noun

無(む)花(か)果(か) • (mukaka) ^{←むくわくわ (mukwakwa)?}

1. fig tree

Further reading

• Nihon Jiten entry (in Japanese)
• Gogen Allguide entry (in Japanese)
• Appendix:Gikun Usage in Meiji Version of Japanese Bible/無花果樹

Korean

Hanja in this term
無	花	果

Noun

無花果 • (muhwagwa) (hangeul 무화과)

1. Hanja form^? of 무화과 (“fig”).