녹다
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Korean[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in the Worin seokbo (月印釋譜 / 월인석보), 1459, as Middle Korean 녹다〮 (Yale: nwòk-tá). Derived from a root meaning "soft, tender, relaxed, slow". Compare 느긋하다 (neugeuthada), 나른하다 (nareunhada), 느슨하다 (neuseunhada). Ablaut form: 눅다 (nukda)
Pronunciation[edit]
- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [no̞k̚t͈a̠]
- Phonetic hangul: [녹따]
| Romanizations | |
|---|---|
| Revised Romanization? | nokda |
| Revised Romanization (translit.)? | nogda |
| McCune–Reischauer? | nokta |
| Yale Romanization? | nokta |
Verb[edit]
| Base | 녹다 (nokda) |
|---|---|
| Causative | 녹이다 (nogida) |
녹다 • (nokda) (infinitive 녹아, sequential 녹으니) (intransitive)
- (of snow or ice) to melt into water
- 2014, 눈 그치고 맑은 하늘…빙판길 조심 [nun geuchigo malgeun haneul…bingpan'gil josim][1]:
- 다만 얼어붙은 눈이 낮 동안 녹으면서 길이 미끄러울 수 있으니까요, 다니실 때는 조심해서 다니셔야겠습니다.
- Daman eoreobuteun nun-i nat dong'an nogeumyeonseo gir-i mikkeureoul su isseunikkayo, danisil ttae-neun josimhaeseo danisyeoyagetseumnida.
- However, roads may be slippery while the frozen snow melts during the day, and please take extra care on the roads.
- (of a solid) to melt into a liquid
- to dissolve
- Synonym: 풀리다 (pullida)
- to warm up, to get warm
- to be captivated, to be infatuated with
- to have bitter experiences, to have a bad time
Conjugation[edit]
Selected forms of the verb 녹다 (nokda): consonant-stem, regular
| Sentence-final forms | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 녹는다 nongneunda |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹습니다 nokseumnida |
| Past | 녹았다 nogatda |
녹았어 nogasseo |
녹았어요 nogasseoyo |
녹았습니다 nogatseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 녹느냐 nongneunya |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹습니까 nokseumnikka |
| Past | 녹았느냐 noganneunya |
녹았어 nogasseo |
녹았어요 nogasseoyo |
녹았습니까 nogatseumnikka | |
| Hortative | 녹자 nokja |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹으십시다 nogeusipsida | |
| Imperative | 녹아라 nogara |
녹아 noga |
녹아요 nogayo |
녹읍시오 nogeupsio | |
| Assertive | 녹겠다 nokgetda |
녹겠어 nokgesseo |
녹겠어요 nokgesseoyo |
녹겠습니다 nokgetseumnida | |
| Connective forms | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 녹아 noga |
녹아서 nogaseo |
녹으니 nogeuni |
녹으니까 nogeunikka | |
| Contrast | 녹지만 nokjiman |
녹는데 nongneunde |
녹더니 nokdeoni |
||
| Conjunction | 녹고 nokgo |
||||
| Condition | 녹으면 nogeumyeon |
녹아야 nogaya |
|||
| Motive | 녹으려고 nogeuryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 녹음 nogeum |
녹기 nokgi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 녹았음 nogasseum |
녹았기 nogatgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 녹은 nogeun | |||
| Present | 녹는 nongneun | ||||
| Future | 녹을 nogeul | ||||
| Sentence-final forms with honorific | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal non-polite (해라체) |
Informal non-polite (해체) |
Informal polite (해요체) |
Formal polite (하십시오체) | ||
| Indicative | Non-past | 녹으신다 nogeusinda |
녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo |
녹으십니다 nogeusimnida |
| Past | 녹으셨다 nogeusyeotda |
녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo |
녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo |
녹으셨습니다 nogeusyeotseumnida | |
| Interrogative | Non-past | 녹으시느냐 nogeusineunya |
녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으세요, 녹으셔요 nogeuseyo, nogeusyeoyo |
녹으십니까 nogeusimnikka |
| Past | 녹으셨느냐 nogeusyeonneunya |
녹으셨어 nogeusyeosseo |
녹으셨어요 nogeusyeosseoyo |
녹으셨습니까 nogeusyeotseumnikka | |
| Imperative | 녹으시라 nogeusira |
녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으세요 nogeuseyo |
녹으십시오 nogeusipsio | |
| Assertive | 녹으시겠다 nogeusigetda |
녹으시겠어 nogeusigesseo |
녹으시겠어요 nogeusigesseoyo |
녹으시겠습니다 nogeusigetseumnida | |
| Connective forms with honorific | |||||
| Cause/Reason | 녹으셔 nogeusyeo |
녹으셔서 nogeusyeoseo |
녹으시니 nogeusini |
녹으시니까 nogeusinikka | |
| Contrast | 녹으시지만 nogeusijiman |
녹으시는데 nogeusineunde |
녹으시더니 nogeusideoni |
||
| Conjunction | 녹으시고 nogeusigo |
||||
| Condition | 녹으시면 nogeusimyeon |
녹으셔야 nogeusyeoya |
|||
| Motive | 녹으시려고 nogeusiryeogo |
||||
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific | |||||
| Verbal nouns | 녹으심 nogeusim |
녹으시기 nogeusigi | |||
| Past-tense verbal nouns | 녹으셨음 nogeusyeosseum |
녹으셨기 nogeusyeotgi | |||
| Determiners | Past | 녹으신 nogeusin | |||
| Present | 녹으시는 nogeusineun | ||||
| Future | 녹으실 nogeusil | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
serial verbs
other verbs
nouns
- 녹는점 (—點, nongneunjeom, “melting point”)
- 녹초 (nokcho, “utter exhaustion”)
adverbs