Μοῦσα
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Ancient Greek
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of disputed origin. Several hypotheses exist:[1]
- From *Μόνθια (*Mónthia), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to think”) + *dʰeh₁-, whence μανθάνω (manthánō). Among theories supposing an Indo-European origin, this is considered most appealing by Beekes.
- From *Μόντια (*Móntia), from Proto-Indo-European *men- (“to tower; mountain”), since all the most important cult-centres of the Muses were on mountains or hills,[2] but Beekes finds this etymology impossible, as the root *men- (“mountain”) is not otherwise found in Greek.
- Pokorny derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *moh₁-, *meh₁- (“endeavour, will, temper”), comparing μῶμαι (mômai, “to seek after, meditate”), μαίομαι (maíomai, “to seek after”), μαιμάω (maimáō, “to be very eager”), Latin mōs (“manner, custom”), English mood, Proto-Slavic *sъmě̀ti (“to dare”).[3]
- Beekes suggests the possibility of a borrowing from Pre-Greek, with proto-form *montʸ-a, though there is no evidence for or against substrate origin.
- Swerdlow traces it back to Bohairic Coptic Egyptian mōw—apparently cognate with Hebrew מֹשֶׁה (moshé, “Moses”), with medieval sources mentioning that, like the prophet, "music was found by the water".[4]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /mûː.sa/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈmu.sa/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmu.sa/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmu.sa/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈmu.sa/
Proper noun
[edit]Μοῦσᾰ • (Moûsa) f (genitive Μούσης); first declension
Declension
[edit]Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ Μοῦσᾰ hē Moûsa |
τὼ Μούσᾱ tṑ Moúsā |
αἱ Μοῦσαι hai Moûsai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς Μούσης tês Moúsēs |
τοῖν Μούσαιν toîn Moúsain |
τῶν Μουσῶν tôn Mousôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ Μούσῃ têi Moúsēi |
τοῖν Μούσαιν toîn Moúsain |
ταῖς Μούσαις taîs Moúsais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν Μοῦσᾰν tḕn Moûsan |
τὼ Μούσᾱ tṑ Moúsā |
τᾱ̀ς Μούσᾱς tā̀s Moúsās | ||||||||||
Vocative | Μοῦσᾰ Moûsa |
Μούσᾱ Moúsā |
Μοῦσαι Moûsai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | Μοῦσᾰ Moûsa |
Μούσᾱ Moúsā |
Μοῦσαι Moûsai | ||||||||||
Genitive | Μούσης Moúsēs |
Μούσαιν / Μούσαιῐν / Μούσῃῐν Moúsai(i)n / Moúsēiin |
Μουσᾱ́ων / Μουσέ͜ων / Μουσῶν Mousā́ōn / Mousé͜ōn / Mousôn | ||||||||||
Dative | Μούσῃ Moúsēi |
Μούσαιν / Μούσαιῐν / Μούσῃῐν Moúsai(i)n / Moúsēiin |
Μούσῃσῐ / Μούσῃσῐν / Μούσῃς / Μούσαις Moúsēisi(n) / Moúsēis / Moúsais | ||||||||||
Accusative | Μοῦσᾰν Moûsan |
Μούσᾱ Moúsā |
Μούσᾱς Moúsās | ||||||||||
Vocative | Μοῦσᾰ Moûsa |
Μούσᾱ Moúsā |
Μοῦσαι Moûsai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μοῦσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 972-3
- ^ * A. B. Cook (1914), Zeus: A Study in Ancient Religion, Vol. I, p. 104, Cambridge University Press
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) “*mē-, *mō-, *mə-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 704-5
- ^ N.M. Swerdlow (1967), "'Musica Dicitur A Moys, Quod Est Aqua'", Journal of the American Musicological Society, Vol. 20, No. 1, p. 3–9
Further reading
[edit]- “Μοῦσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “Μοῦσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “Μοῦσα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- Μοῦσα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,017
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms borrowed from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek proper nouns
- Ancient Greek properispomenon terms
- Ancient Greek feminine proper nouns
- Ancient Greek first-declension proper nouns
- Ancient Greek feminine proper nouns in the first declension
- Ancient Greek feminine nouns